{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:55:47Z","timestamp":1791273347772,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1ZIAHD001106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1ZIAHD001106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Understanding personality in nonhuman primates is critical for advancing theories of individual differences, yet methodological variation remains a major challenge. We examined whether three commonly used approaches\u2014questionnaire ratings, behavioral observations, and experimental tests\u2014capture stable and overlapping personality constructs in 26 captive tufted capuchin monkeys (\n                    <jats:italic>Sapajus apella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Using Bayesian multivariate mixed models, we retained individual variability to assess temporal stability, cross\u2010context consistency, and inter\u2010method convergence. Behavioral observations revealed conceptually coherent clusters related to stress, activity, and social engagement, but temporal stability was low. Novelty Tests produced associations suggestive of approach\u2013avoidance and activity\u2013focus dimensions, yet these clusters also lacked temporal stability. Questionnaire ratings showed partial convergence with observational data but not with novelty test data. Out of 39 predicted associations, only 4 were confirmed, highlighting weak cross\u2010method consistency. Housing conditions significantly influenced personality expression, whereas sex and age effects were minimal. These findings suggest that personality expression may be more context\u2010sensitive and multidimensional than is captured by any single assessment method, and that divergence across methods may reflect different aspects of personality rather than measurement error. Integrative, multi\u2010method, and longitudinal designs that incorporate multiple measures may help improve the interpretation of primate personality assessments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.70214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:47:31Z","timestamp":1791272851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personality in Capuchin Monkeys (\n                    <i>Sapajus apella<\/i>\n                    ): Comparison of Assessment Methods and Constructs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3421-1864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Paukner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Institute of Psychology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6923-1219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren J.","family":"Wooddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9440-4107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurelie","family":"Jolivald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal, Rural &amp; Environmental Science Nottingham Trent University Southwell UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.12.022","article-title":"The Repeatability of Behaviour: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"77","author":"Bell A. 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