{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T09:35:17Z","timestamp":1793266517529,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007522","name":"Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007522","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the expression and variability of positional behavior is essential for interpreting behavioral flexibility, with implications for both evolutionary reconstructions and animal welfare. As data on bonobos remain limited, this study aimed to characterize the positional repertoire of a zoo\u2010housed bonobo group and assess how it varies according to age class, enclosure design and provisioning practices. Using 5\u2010min individual continuous focal sampling with video recording, we quantified the positional behavior of 17 zoo\u2010housed bonobos at La Vall\u00e9e des Singes (France). We compared behavior across three age classes, between indoor and outdoor enclosures, as well as between provisioning and non\u2010provisioning periods. Concerning posture, no variation was observed across age classes. Sitting was the most frequent posture across all contexts, while the overall postural repertoire varied according to enclosure and provisioning practices. Concerning locomotion, differences were observed between adults and juveniles. Pronograde walking was consistently the most frequent mode, particularly in the outdoor context. Provisioning practices had a significant impact on the locomotor repertoire in both indoor and outdoor contexts. These results suggest that age influences locomotor behavior, but not postural behavior. In addition, bonobos adjust their positional repertoire in response to external structural and activity factors, reflecting differences in substrate availability, usage, and food provisioning. These findings highlight the behavioral flexibility of bonobos, with implications for captive management and our understanding of great ape positional flexibility, both extant and extinct.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.70218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:00:21Z","timestamp":1792580421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Positional Behavior in Zoo\u2010Housed Bonobos (\n                    <i>Pan paniscus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8268-519X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira","family":"Perrot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7194, Histoire Naturelle des Humanit\u00e9s Pr\u00e9historiques, CNRS\u2010MNHN\u2010UPVD Paris France"},{"name":"UMR 7206, \u00c9co\u2010Anthropologie, CNRS\u2010MNHN\u2010Univ. Paris\u2010Cit\u00e9 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7159-3104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Berillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7194, Histoire Naturelle des Humanit\u00e9s Pr\u00e9historiques, CNRS\u2010MNHN\u2010UPVD Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2858-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Pascal","family":"Gu\u00e9ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Vall\u00e9e des Singes  Romagne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1261-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Narat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7206, \u00c9co\u2010Anthropologie, CNRS\u2010MNHN\u2010Univ. Paris\u2010Cit\u00e9 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9680-6401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Druelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7268, Anthropologie bio\u2010culturelle, Droit, \u00c9thique et Sant\u00e9, Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, EFS Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(200004)111:4<503::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853974X00534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07169-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330930409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350120104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330880302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2001.0485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330470206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.01.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2022.103304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02381086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0092-0_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000091230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Studying Bonobo (Pan paniscus) Locomotion Using an Integrated Setup in a Zoo Environment: Preliminary Results","volume":"4","author":"D'Ao\u00fbt K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Primatologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04901-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Doran D. M.1989. Chimpanzee and Pygmy Chimpanzee Positional Behavior the Influence of Environment Body Size Morphology and Ontogeny on Locomotion and Posture. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stony Brook."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(92)90104-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330910106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330910107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026368518431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1996.0095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Chimpanzee Cultures","author":"Doran D. M.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22575"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-020-00140-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add9752"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2025.1561078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.25007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","volume-title":"Primate Adaptation and Evolution","author":"Fleagle J. G.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330520302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arw004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1993.tb00552.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026327627943"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-009-0141-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1995.1032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330960108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1378849"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/izy.12204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-015-9813-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330870108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02736072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12454"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316339916"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02381373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327604JAWS0401_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02739358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","volume-title":"The Last Ape: Pygmy Chimpanzee Behavior and Ecology","author":"Kano T.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq2835"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21495"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511810893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0092-0_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22760"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2023.103355"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-015-0476-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jzo.12577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-020-00180-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5091\/plecevo.2016.1157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-005-9011-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/419170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1965.67.5.02a00060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-024-01839-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","unstructured":"Ramos G. L.2014. Positional Behavior of Pan Paniscus at Lui Kotale [Doctoral Dissertation]. Indiana University."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330970408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22930"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/asr-5-23-2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2007.00720.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330530111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0082-4_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","unstructured":"Thompson J.1997. The history Taxonomy and Ecology of the Bonobo (Pan paniscusSchwarz 1929) With a First Description of a Wild Population Living in a Forest\/savanna Mosaic Habitat [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oxford."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13050803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adv0130"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Primatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajp.70218","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajp.70218","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajp.70218","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:57:46Z","timestamp":1793264266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajp.70218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajp.70218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajp.70218","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-2565","1098-2345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-2565","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2345","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70218"}}