{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:18:52Z","timestamp":1790515132962,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,16]],"date-time":"2002-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1039996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Body mass estimation equations are generated from long bone cross\u2010sectional diaphyseal and articular surface dimensions in 176 individuals and 12 species of hominoids and cercopithecoids. A series of comparisons is carried out to determine the best body mass predictors for each of several taxonomic\/locomotor groupings. Articular breadths are better predictors than articular surface areas, while cross\u2010sectional shaft strengths are better predictors than shaft external breadths. Percent standard errors of estimate (%SEEs) and percent prediction errors for most of the better predictors range between 10\u201320%. Confidence intervals of equations using sex\/species means are fairly representative of those calculated using individual data, except for sex\/species means equations with very low %SEEs (under about 10%), where confidence intervals (CIs) based on individuals are likely to be larger. Given individual variability, or biological \u201cerror,\u201d this may represent a lower limit of precision in estimating individual body masses. In general, it is much more preferable to determine at least broad locomotor affinities, and thus appropriate modern reference groups, before applying body mass estimation equations. However, some structural dimensions are less sensitive to locomotor distinctions than others; for example, proximal tibial articular M\u2010L breadth is apparently \u201clocomotor blind\u201d regarding body mass estimation within the present study sample. In other cases where locomotor affiliation is uncertain, mean estimates from different reference groups can be used, while for some dimensions no estimation should be attempted. The techniques are illustrated by estimating the body masses of four fossil anthropoid specimens of <jats:italic>Proconsul nyanzae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Proconsul heseloni<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Morotopithecus bishopi<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Theropithecus oswaldi<\/jats:italic>. Am J Phys Anthropol 120:16\u201337, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,13]],"date-time":"2003-01-13T21:01:51Z","timestamp":1042491711000},"page":"16-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Long bone articular and diaphyseal structure in Old World monkeys and apes. 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