{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:28:05Z","timestamp":1791264485188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,3]],"date-time":"2003-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Office of the Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, Texas A&M University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>We report on new standards for estimating long bone length from incomplete bones for use in forensic and archaeological contexts in Central America. The measurements we use closely follow those defined by Steele ([1970<\/jats:ext-link>] Personal Identification in Mass Disasters; Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution), but we add several new landmarks. We measured the femur, humerus, tibia, and fibula of 100 Maya skeletons (68 males, 32 females) recovered from forensic exhumations. We derived the equations by regressing bone segment length on bone length, and solved for bone length to maximize the utility of the equations for taller populations. We generated equations for all segments that were significantly correlated with bone length for males, for females, and for both sexes combined, but accepted only regressions with r2<\/jats:sup> > 0.85 as reliable. Landmarks defined by muscle attachment sites were more variable in location than landmarks on articular architecture; thus we retained few equations that use these landmarks. We tested the male and combined sex equations on 36 males of unknown ethnicity exhumed from a military base in Guatemala, and found that the equations performed satisfactorily. We also evaluated the performance of equations by Steele ([1970<\/jats:ext-link>] Personal Identification in Mass Disasters; Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution) and Jacobs ([1992<\/jats:ext-link>] Am J Phys Anthropol 89<\/jats:italic>:333\u2013345) on the Maya bones, and conclude that significant population variation in long bone proportions hinders their application in Central America. Am J Phys Anthropol 120:233\u2013251, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,5]],"date-time":"2003-02-05T06:13:09Z","timestamp":1044425589000},"page":"233-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Estimating the length of incomplete long bones: Forensic standards from Guatemala"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Lori E.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario A.","family":"V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Guatemala: nunca m\u00e1s. Informe Proyecto Interdiocesano de Recuperaci\u00f3n de la Memoria Historica","author":"Arzobispado de Guatemala, Oficina de Derechos Humanos","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Human osteology: a laboratory and field manual of the human skeleton","author":"Bass WM","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"527","article-title":"Growth status of non\u2010agrarian, semi\u2010urban living indians in Guatemala","volume":"56","author":"Bogin B","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Formulae for stature estimation on incomplete long bones: a survey of their reliability","volume":"6","author":"Brooks S","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Forensic Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Harvest of violence. The Maya Indians and the Guatemalan crisis","author":"Carmack RM","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/971880"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Las masacres en Rabinal: estudio hist\u00f3rico antropol\u00f3gico de las masacres de Plan de S\u00e1nchez, Chichupac y R\u00edo Negro","author":"Equipo de Antropolog\u00eda Forense de Guatemala","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199606)100:2<207::AID-AJPA4>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Tojolabal Maya population response to stress","volume":"26","author":"Furbee L","year":"1988","journal-title":"Geosci Man"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330260109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13309J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330890307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Integrating archaeological demography: multidisciplinary approaches to prehistoric population","author":"Konigsberg LW","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(1998)107:27 <65::AID-AJPA4>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Results and implications of the INCAP follow\u2010up study","volume":"125","author":"Martorell R","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Reversibility of stunting: epidemiological findings in children from developing countries","volume":"48","author":"Martorell R","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330580215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Zur bestimmung der L\u00e4nge besch\u00e4digter Extremitatenknochen","volume":"12","author":"M\u00fcller G","year":"1935","journal-title":"Anthropol Anzeig"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12868J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Personal identification in mass disasters","author":"Steele DG","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"The anatomy and biology of the human skeleton","author":"Steele DG","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330310211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"WhittingtonSL.1989.Characteristics of demography and disease in low status Maya from Classic Period Copan Honduras. Ph.D. dissertation Pennsylvania State University."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"WrightLE.1994.The sacrifice of the earth? Diet health and inequality in the Pasi\u00f3n Maya lowlands. Ph.D. dissertation University of Chicago."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physical Anthropology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajpa.10119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajpa.10119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T16:04:50Z","timestamp":1696953890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajpa.10119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajpa.10119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.10119","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9483","1096-8644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9483","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,3]]}}}