{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:09:46Z","timestamp":1761822586355},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,19]],"date-time":"2003-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1053302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the winter of 1778\u20131779, a garrison of 176 individuals lived within the walls of a Revolutionary era stronghold named Ft. Laurens on the banks of the Tuscarawas River, near the present\u2010day town of Bolivar, Ohio. At least 21 individuals were buried in the fort's cemetery during its occupation, 13 of whom were supposedly killed and scalped by Native Americans while gathering firewood and foraging horses. The purpose of this study is to build on previous work by Sciulli and Gramly ([1989] Am J. Phys. Anthropol. <jats:italic>80:<\/jats:italic>11\u201324) by adding a more detailed analysis of the traumatic lesions, in order to better understand what happened to the victims. Lesions were analyzed based on type, location, and dimensions, as well as their overall pattern on the skeleton. Results indicate that multiple blows to the cranium were common. Out of 12 observable crania, the order of blows could be determined in only one case. Eleven of 12 of the observable crania from ambush victims and four of the seven nonambush victims exhibited lesions consistent with scalping. Evidence of postcranial trauma was noted on four individuals: one was an ambush victim, and the other three were killed at other times. No evidence of gunshot wounds was found. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,27]],"date-time":"2003-08-27T13:38:26Z","timestamp":1061991506000},"page":"113-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Interpersonal violence between 18th century Native Americans and Europeans in Ohio"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl A.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Symes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"333","volume-title":"Forensic osteology: advances in the identification of human remains","author":"Berryman HE","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Yanomam\u00f6","author":"Chagnon N","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Gunshot wounds: practical aspects of firearms, ballistics, and forensic techniques","author":"DiMaio VJM","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Broken bones: anthropological analysis of blunt force trauma","author":"Galloway A","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Summary of archaeological fieldwork conducted at the Fort Laurens State Memorial, Bolivar, Ohio from 23 June to 5 August","author":"Gramly R","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Fort Laurens 1778\u20139: pictorial record of excavations","author":"Gramly R","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"The Southeastern Indians","author":"Hudson C","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1212(199601)6:1<28::AID-OA242>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Forensic osteology: advances in the identification of human remains","author":"Maples WR","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","series-title":"Troubled times: violence and warfare in the past. 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