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First, while it has long been known that axial compression superimposed on bending shifts neutral axes away from cross\u2010sectional area centroids, most analyses assume that cross\u2010sectional properties calculated through the area centroid approximate cross\u2010sectional strength. Second, the orientation of maximum bending rigidity is often assumed to reflect the orientation of peak or habitual bending forces the bone experiences. These assumptions are tested in sheep in which rosette strain gauges mounted at three locations around the tibia and metatarsal midshafts measured in vivo strains during treadmill running at 1.5 m\/sec. Calculated normal strain distributions confirm that the neutral axis of bending does not run through the midshaft centroid. In these animals, orientations of the principal centroidal axes around which maximum SMAs (I\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) are calculated are not in the same planes in which the bones experienced bending. Cross\u2010sectional properties calculated using centroidal axes have substantial differences in magnitude (up to 55%) but high correlations in pattern compared to cross\u2010sectional properties calculated around experimentally determined neutral axes. Thus interindividual comparisons of cross\u2010sectional properties calculated from centroidal axes may be useful in terms of pattern, but are subject to high errors in terms of absolute values. In addition, cross\u2010sectional properties do not necessarily provide reliable data on the orientations of loads to which bones are subjected. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,14]],"date-time":"2004-01-14T04:00:30Z","timestamp":1074052830000},"page":"156-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":273,"title":["Predicting long bone loading from cross\u2010sectional geometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John 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