{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T21:27:36Z","timestamp":1762032456785},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,11]],"date-time":"2003-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1060560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of the skeletal remains of 50 Confederate veterans provided a unique opportunity to explore the dental health of a geriatric sample. These men, who died between 1907\u20131932, had an average age at death of 76.7 years. Ninety percent were institutionalized at the Confederate Home for Men (Austin, TX) prior to their deaths. This elderly sample was assessed in terms of caries, antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), abscesses, and linear enamel hypoplasias. On a per tooth basis, the AMTL rate was 57.2%. Of 39 dentate men, 33 (84.6%) had dental caries, and 24.4% (121 of 496) of teeth were carious. Ten (25.0%) of the dentate men had hypoplastic teeth. At least one abscess was seen in 14 (28%) of 50 individuals. Results from this geriatric institutionalized sample are compared to contemporaneous historical samples. Disparities in dental health among these groups may be due to differences in average age at death, and these comparisons allow a better understanding of dental changes that occur with age. The sample is also compared to modern elderly samples: modern groups have higher caries rates, possibly because they retained more teeth. This finding may be due in part to diets in the United States becoming increasingly cariogenic over time. In addition, dental care has moved from the reactive practices seen in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (such as tooth extractions) to modern proactive solutions dedicated to preserving and restoring teeth (such as tooth brushing, fluoride treatments, and dental fillings). Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,8]],"date-time":"2004-04-08T21:03:42Z","timestamp":1081458222000},"page":"59-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Dental health of elderly confederate veterans: Evidence from the Texas State Cemetery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Helen Danzeiser","family":"Wols","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan E.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Doctors in blue: the medical history of the Union Army in the Civil War","author":"Adams GW","year":"1952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330450339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Dental care in long\u2010term hospitals","volume":"50","author":"Banting DW","year":"1973","journal-title":"Can Hosp"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"History of Travis County and Austin, 1839\u20131899","author":"Barkley MS","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Transcript of letter on file (C6400), dated January 18, written in Buda, Texas","author":"Barton RC","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Civil War medicine: challenges and triumphs","author":"Bollet JB","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains","author":"Buikstra JE","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"351","article-title":"Some economic aspects of antebellum Texas agriculture","volume":"82","author":"Campbell RB","year":"1979","journal-title":"Southwest Hist Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"A manual of military surgery, for the use of surgeons in the Confederate States Army, with an appendix of the rules and regulations of the Medical Department of the Confederate States Army","author":"Chisolm JJ","year":"1862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Doctors in gray: the Confederate medical service","author":"Cunningham HH","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Dental care during the Civil War","volume":"53","author":"Dammann GE","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ill Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","series-title":"A pictorial encyclopedia of Civil War medical instruments and equipment","author":"Dammann GE","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Confederate veterans at rest: archeological and bioarcheological investigations at the Texas State Cemetery, Travis County, Texas","author":"Dockall HD","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Confederate veterans at rest: archeological and bioarcheological investigations at the Texas State Cemetery, Travis County, Texas","author":"Dockall HD","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Confederate veterans at rest: archeological and bioarcheological investigations at the Texas State Cemetery, Travis County, Texas","author":"Dockall HD","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Confederate veterans at rest: archeological and bioarcheological investigations at the Texas State Cemetery, Travis County, Texas","author":"Dockall HD","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"Care of the elderly: clinical aspects of aging","author":"Garcia RI","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"Harder than death\u2014the life of Geo. 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