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([<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib26\">2000a<\/jats:ext-link>] Primate Res. 16:299). Later, Chaimanee et al. ([ <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib7\">2003<\/jats:ext-link>] Nature 422:61\u201365) reported additional hominoid teeth from the same site, but all of them were collected from younger deposits (the Upper Lignite Member, in Nagaoka and Suganuma [ <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib39\">2002<\/jats:ext-link>] Primate Res 18:159\u2013164). The specimen described here (CMu6\u20101\u203200) was recovered from the Lower Lignite Member (Nagaoka and Suganuma [ <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib39\">2002<\/jats:ext-link>] Primate Res <jats:italic>18:<\/jats:italic>159\u2013164), which is probably several hundred thousand years older than the Upper Lignite Member (Suganuma et al. [ <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib61\">2002<\/jats:ext-link>] Primate Res. <jats:italic>18:<\/jats:italic>165\u2013173). This article provides a detailed description of this hominoid specimen and paleontological\/geological data of the fossil site at Chiang Muan. The hominoid specimen (CMu6\u20101\u203200) is an isolated upper molar (right M1 or M2), similar in size to modern orangutans (<jats:italic>Pongo pygmaeus<\/jats:italic>). This upper molar has low and voluminous cusps, relatively thick enamel, and relatively low relief of the dentine\/enamel junction, with only a faint remnant of the lingual cingulum. The age of Chiang Muan is estimated to be the latest Middle Miocene (ca. 11\u201312 Ma), based on the mammalian fossils (Nakaya et al. [ <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib41\">2002<\/jats:ext-link>] Primate Res. <jats:italic>18:<\/jats:italic>131\u2013141) and paleomagnetic study (Suganuma et al. [ <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib61\">2002<\/jats:ext-link>] Primate Res. <jats:italic>18:<\/jats:italic>165\u2013173). This suggests that the Chiang Muan Hominoid in the present study is an earlier member of Eastern Eurasian Miocene hominoids. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,18]],"date-time":"2004-05-18T17:02:04Z","timestamp":1084899724000},"page":"99-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Earliest Miocene hominoid from Southeast Asia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kunimatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjavun","family":"Ratanasthien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Nakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruo","family":"Saegusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Nagaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"A revision of the Miocene Hominoidea of East Africa","volume":"30","author":"Andrews P","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bull Br Mus Nat Hist Geol Ser"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"168","volume-title":"The evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene mammal faunas","author":"Andrews P","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2001.0496"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2002.0550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Paleoclimate and evolution with emphasis on human origins","author":"Barry JC","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(94)00112-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Proboscidean fossils of China","author":"Chow M","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"Miocene mammalian fauna of Xiaolongtan, Kaiyuan, Yunnan Province","volume":"25","author":"Dong W","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vert PalAs"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(94)90027-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-9547(95)00021-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"The Artiodactyla of Ramapithecus site, Lufeng, Yunnan","volume":"4","author":"Han D","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Anthropol Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000156334"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02381152"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(91)90112-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2002.0570"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2001.0495"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1537\/ase.107.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The first fossil rodent from the Miocene of northern Thailand and their bearing on the problem of the origin of the Muridae","volume":"4","author":"Jaeger J\u2010J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev Paleontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(91)90036-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02693493"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(88)90073-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"369","volume-title":"The primate fossil record","author":"Kelley J","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2354\/psj.18.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"The first discovery of a large\u2010bodied Miocene hominoid fossil from Southeast Asia","volume":"16","author":"Kunimatsu Y","year":"2000","journal-title":"Primate Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","unstructured":"KunimatsuY RatanasthienB SaegusaH NakayaH NagaokaS.2000b.Chiang Muan Hominoid\u2014the first large\u2010bodied hominoid fossil from Southeast Asia. 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