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Differences in total variation among the three groups were not significant, but differences in the incidence of 23 and 25 presacral vertebrae among the groups were highly significant. Numerical vertebral variation occurred in 11% of both sexes, but with males having a higher frequency of 25 presacral vertebrae and females having a higher frequency of 23 presacral vertebrae. The incidence of the specific variation of 23 or 25 presacral vertebrae was not significantly different among the males of the three groups studied, whereas 23 presacral vertebrae were found significantly more often in the Negroid females. Numerical variation of vertebrae was not associated with age. The data strongly support the conclusion that the total frequency of variation in the number of presacral vertebrae is a specific characteristic of any particular population group and that there is a tendency in all population groups toward an increase in number in males and a decrease in number in females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330250205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,3]],"date-time":"2006-02-03T16:48:15Z","timestamp":1138985295000},"page":"139-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Numerical variation of the presacral vertebral column in three population groups in North America"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Philipp E.","family":"Bornstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy R.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"\u00fcber die Variationen des Brustkorbes und der Wirbels\u00e4ule des Menschen","volume":"33","author":"Adolphi H.","year":"1905","journal-title":"Morph. 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