{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:41:34Z","timestamp":1791092494638,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,2]],"date-time":"2005-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11809,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal experiments indicate that chronic dietary iodine deficiency can have a marked effect on neurological maturation and the consequent behavioral capacities of the individuals so affected. Goiter, enlargement of the thyroid gland, is hyperendemic throughout the Andean region of Ecuador and is associated with an insufficient dietary intake of iodine. In these populations there is also a strikingly high prevalence of gross mental and physical developmental retardation that has been classified under the rubric of \u201cendemic cretinism.\u201d<\/jats:p><jats:p>Anthropometric measurements and Bender Gestalt productions were collected from 44 deaf\u2010mute \u201ccretin\u201d and 344 \u201cnormal\u201d adult individuals in the parroquia of La Esperanza. The anthropometric data were generally comparable to that of other Ecuadorian Andean populations which have been studied. The deaf\u2010mute \u201ccretin\u201d group showed retardation in physical growth and marked retardation in visual motor maturation compared to the \u201cnormal\u201d population. Seventeen percent of the \u201cnormal\u201d population showed clear signs of neurological deficit in visual motor perception. The data suggest that in addition to the large number of grossly retarded \u201ccretins\u201d in these populations, many of the \u201cnormal\u201d individuals show some degree of neurological deficit, thus forming a continuum from frankly retarded, through moderately and slightly affected, to normal individuals.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The socio\u2010cultural adaptations to the presence of a large number of retarded individuals in the community are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330380126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,8]],"date-time":"2005-08-08T16:47:41Z","timestamp":1123519661000},"page":"119-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Physical growth and development, neurological maturation and behavioral functioning in two Ecuadorian Andean communities in which goiter is endemic. I. Outline of the problem of endemic goiter and cretinism. Physical growth and neurological maturation in the adult population of La Esperanza"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Greene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Microchemical pathology of adult rat cerebrum following neonatal nutritional deprivation and hypothyroidism","volume":"94","author":"Bass N. H.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. Neurol. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","series-title":"The American Orthopsychiatric Association Research Monograph No 3","volume-title":"A Visual Motor Gestalt Test and Its Clinical Use","author":"Bender L.","year":"1938"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"623","article-title":"A thyroid\u2010blocking agent in the etiology of endemic goiter","volume":"5","author":"Clements F. W.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-23-12-1203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674491892"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.167.3920.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Cecil\u2010Loeb Textbook of Medicine","author":"De Groot L.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","series-title":"World Health Organization Monograph No. 44","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Endemic Goitre","author":"De Smet M. P.","year":"1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","series-title":"Pan American Health Organization Scientific Publication No. 193","volume-title":"Endemic Goiter","author":"Dumont J. E.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","series-title":"Pan American Health Organization Scientific Publication No. 193","volume-title":"Endemic Goiter","author":"Dumont J. E.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000440302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"The vascularity of the cerebral cortex in normal and cretinous rats","volume":"88","author":"Eayrs J. T.","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000141068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0220409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Endocrinology and Human Behavior","author":"Eayrs J. T.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"350","article-title":"The effect of thyroid deficiency induced by methyl thiouracil on the maturation of the central nervous system","volume":"85","author":"Eayrs J. T.","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","series-title":"Pan American Health Organization Scientific Publication No. 193","volume-title":"Endemic Goiter","author":"Ermans A. M.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1968.23.3.795"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","series-title":"Pan American Health Organization Scientific Publication No. 193","volume-title":"Endemic Goiter","author":"Benitez R. Fierro","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330320217"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Review of Medical Physiology","author":"Ganong W. F.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(67)90002-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Gillin J.1941Quichua\u2010speaking Indians of the province of Imbabura (Ecuador) and their anthropometric relations with the living populations of the Andean area.Bull. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. No. 128 Anthrop. po. No. 16 pp.167\u2013228."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.44.511.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"The Bender Gestalt Test for Young Children","author":"Koppitz E.","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-26-7-688"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"The Thyroid and Its Diseases","author":"Means J. H.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"The Bender\u2010Gestalt Test","author":"Pascal G. R.","year":"1951"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","series-title":"Pan American Health Organization Scientific Paper No. 193","volume-title":"Endemic Goiter","author":"Pretell E. A.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Nuevo Panorama Ecuadoriano del Indio, Tomo I","author":"Santiana A.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"498","article-title":"Action of thyroid hormones and cerebral development","volume":"114","author":"Sokoloff L.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Amer. J. Dis. Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease","author":"Stanbury J. B.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674367258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-16-11-1522"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physical Anthropology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajpa.1330380126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330380126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:44:11Z","timestamp":1699836251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330380126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1973,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajpa.1330380126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330380126","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9483","1096-8644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9483","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1973,1]]}}}