{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T18:44:06Z","timestamp":1775587446835,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,29]],"date-time":"2005-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10225,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metacarpal\u2010phalangeal (M\u2010P) lengths, metacarpal sign, and carpal angle were studied using 142 pairs of hand X\u2010rays from 81 individuals with Turner's syndrome age 6 to 25 years. Left M\u2010P lengths, grouped by bone age, were compared with normal female standards and Z\u2010score pattern profiles calculated for each bone age. Differences between Turners and normals in most M\u2010P lengths increased with age, particularly after puberty. Calculation of inter\u2010individual and intra\u2010individual variability yielded good evidence for a M\u2010P pattern profile typical of Turner's syndrome, with increasing growth deficiency from distal to proximal and lateral to medial. The incidence of positive metacarpal sign was 33.8%, with no significant difference between XO and non\u2010XO Turners. It did not appear that M4<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> ceased growth prematurely, suggesting that short M4 is not the result of early epiphyseal fusion. Carpal angle, reported to be abnormally decreased in Turners, was not found to differ from normal. There was no difference between right and left sides or between XO and non\u2010XO Turners, but carpal angle did decrease significantly with both decreasing ulnar deviation in positioning of the hand and increasing age. In the latter respect Turners differ from normals who show an increase in carpal angle with age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330460312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,9]],"date-time":"2005-08-09T07:10:59Z","timestamp":1123571459000},"page":"463-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Radiological anthropometry of the hand in Turner's syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-19-10-1312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.49.10.789"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1120962300011124"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2.2.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"1222","article-title":"Skeletal abnormalities associated with gonadal dysgenesis","volume":"89","author":"Finby N.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Amer. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"The Earlier Gain and Later Loss of Cortical Bone","author":"Garn","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195909000-00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-197407000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)00771-0","article-title":"Radiographic manifestations of gonadal dysgenesis","volume":"2","author":"Keats T. E.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Radiol. Clin. N. Amer."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"The roentgen appearance of the hand and wrist in gonadal dysgenesis","volume":"93","author":"Kosowicz J.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Amer. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Leszczynski S. andJ.Kosowicz1965Radiological changes in the skeletal system in Turner's syndrome. A review of 102 cases. Progress in Radiology Symposium of the 11th International Congress of Radiology Rome 1965."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Park E.1975An Anthropometric and Radiographic Study of the Development of Individuals with Turner's Syndrome. Ph.D. thesis University of Toronto."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330460311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"The Hand in Radiologic Diagnosis","author":"Poznanski","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/104.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"The carpal angle in the congenital malformation syndromes","volume":"19","author":"Poznanski A. K.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. 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