{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T07:52:50Z","timestamp":1779349970133,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,27]],"date-time":"2005-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7818,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The eruption sequence for the lower teeth of <jats:italic>Apidium phiomense<\/jats:italic> based on 18 juvenile specimens in dP<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, dP<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, M<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, P<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (P<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, M<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), C. Only five specimens of <jats:italic>Parapithecus grangeri<\/jats:italic> show developing lower teeth. P<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, and M<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> all erupted before P<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>; C and M<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> were the last cheek teeth to erupt. Late eruption of the lower canines in parapithecids is a possible shared derived resemblance linking these species with Anthropoidea and Adapidae and distinguishing both from Omomyidae, Tarsiidae, and tooth\u2010combed lemurs. Late eruption of M<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> in parapithecids is a shared derived resemblance with Anthropoidea alone.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The lower dental formula of <jats:italic>Apidium phiomense<\/jats:italic> is confirmed as 2\u00b71\u00b73\u00b73 by additional specimens which show the incisors. Based in part on tooth socket counts, the deciduous lower dental formula was 2\u00b71\u00b73. New specimens of <jats:italic>Parapithecus grangeri<\/jats:italic> now demonstrate an adult mandibular dental formula of 0\u00b71\u00b73\u00b73 (not 2\u00b71\u00b73\u00b73 as previously thought) and a juvenile formula of 1\u00b71\u00b73. The number of incisors possessed by <jats:italic>Parapithecus fraasi<\/jats:italic> is again open to debate. Material is insufficient to judge whether this species had a pair of incisors in each lower jaw quadrant, by analogy with <jats:italic>Apidium<\/jats:italic>, or had undergone reduction to just one incisor. In any event, the presence of two incisors in another parapithecid <jats:italic>Apidium<\/jats:italic> shows anterior tooth reduction of <jats:italic>Parapithecus grangeri<\/jats:italic> occurred independent of, and should not be considered a shared derived similarity with, Tarsiidae, as was once thought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330620403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,3]],"date-time":"2006-02-03T22:23:40Z","timestamp":1139005420000},"page":"363-375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Dental formulae and dental eruption patterns in parapithecidae (primates, Anthropoidea)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Richard F.","family":"Kay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elwyn L.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Byrd KE(1979) Sequences and asymmetries of dental development and eruption in the Ceboidea. 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