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However, it has come to be believed, following Straus and Cave (1957), that Boule's errors of reconstruction were due to the diseased condition of the La Chapelle\u2010aux\u2010Saints 1 remains, rather than to Boule's misinterpretation of morphology. The abnormalities on the La Chapelle\u2010aux\u2010Saints 1 postcranium include: lower cervical, upper thoracic, and lower thoracic intervertebral degenerative joint disease (DJD), a distal fracture of a mid\u2010thoracic rib, extensive DJD of the left hip, DJD of the right fifth proximal interphalangeal articulation, bilateral humeral head eburnation, and minor exostosis formation on the right humerus, ulna, and radius. These were associated with extensive alveolar inflammation including apical abscesses and antemortem tooth loss, some temporomandibular DJD, bilateral auditory exostoses, and minimal occipital condyle DJD. None of these abnormalities sifnificantly affected Boule's Neandertal postural reconstruction, and a review of his analysis indicates that early twentieth century interpretations of skeletal morphology (primarily of the cranium, cervical vertebrae, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, proximal femora and tibiae, posterior tarsals, and hallucial tarsometatarsal joint), combined with Boule's evolutionary preconceptions, were responsible for his mistaken view of Neandertal posture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330670105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,3]],"date-time":"2006-02-03T22:48:19Z","timestamp":1139006899000},"page":"19-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Pathology and the posture of the La Chapelle\u2010aux\u2010Saints Neandertal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Trinkaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"551","volume-title":"Diseases in Antiquity","author":"Alexandersen V","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"804","article-title":"Sur l'attitude, en station verticale, des N\u00e9anderthaliens","volume":"240","author":"Arambourg C","year":"1955","journal-title":"C.R. 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