{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:20:56Z","timestamp":1762100456978},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,27]],"date-time":"2005-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4287,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impacted third molars affect 15%\u201320% of modern Americans and Western Europeans. In contrast, third molar impactions have not been reported in the early hominid fossil record. It is uncertain whether the lack of reports reflects an absence of impactions or a failure to recognize them. This communication is intended to raise awareness of the possibility of impactions by describing the appearance of impacted teeth and by noting two possible instances of impaction in early hominids. Specifically, the mandibular third molars of the Sterkfontein specimen, STS52b (<jats:italic>Australopithecus africanus<\/jats:italic>), and the left maxillary third molar of the Lake Turkana specimen, KNM\u2010WT17400 (<jats:italic>Australopithecus boisei<\/jats:italic>), are positioned in a manner which suggests that they would not have erupted normally. Both specimens also exhibit strong crowding of the anterior dentition, providing further support for the view that these individuals lacked sufficient space for normal eruption of the third molars. Other published reports of dental crowding in the hominid fossil record are noted, and it is suggested that more attention be paid to dental impaction and dental crowding in hominid evolution. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330910408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,4]],"date-time":"2006-02-04T10:47:44Z","timestamp":1139050064000},"page":"517-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Brief communication: Possible third molar impactions in the hominid fossil record"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Kathleen R.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Calcagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Oral Surgery: A Step\u2010By\u2010Step Atlas of Operative Techniques, 4th edition","author":"Archer WH","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330770411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Advances in Dental Anthropology","author":"Calcagno JM","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330740311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330570403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(70)90091-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","author":"Kruger GO","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330760102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Paleodemographic Aspects of the South African Australopithecines","author":"Mann AE","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/200530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3138\/9781487574840-018","volume-title":"Homo\u2010erectus, Papers in Honor of Davidson Black","author":"Protsch R","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-576280-9.50006-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(89)90139-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"The Dentition of the Australopithecinae","author":"Robinson JT","year":"1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Atlas of Radiographs of Early Man","author":"Skinner MF","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511897795"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"WallaceJA: (1972)The Dentition of the South African Early Hominids: A Study of Form and Function. Johannesburg: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330500110"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physical Anthropology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajpa.1330910408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330910408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T11:08:15Z","timestamp":1698232095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330910408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,8]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajpa.1330910408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330910408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9483","1096-8644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9483","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,8]]}}}