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An \u201cinterhominoid\u201d combination is not adequate either, as scaling with body weight is strongly divergent in African apes and humans for most skeletal predictors investigated here.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Therefore, in relation to a study of seven long bone dimensions, a new taxon\u2010\u201cindependent\u201d approach is suggested. For a given predictor, its taxonomic \u201cindependence\u201d is restricted to the size range over which the body weight\u2010predictor relationship for African apes and humans converges. Different predictors produce converging body weight estimates (BWEs) for different size ranges: taxon\u2010\u201cindependent\u201d estimates can be calculated for small\u2010 and medium\u2010sized hominids (e. g., for weights below 50 kg) using femoral and tibial dimensions, whereas upper limb bones provide converging results for large hominids (above 50 kg).<\/jats:p><jats:p>If the remains of <jats:italic>Australopithecus afarensis<\/jats:italic> really belong to one species, the relationship of male (above 60 kg) to female body weight (approximately 30 kg) does not fall within the observed range of modern hominoids. Considering Sts 14 (22 kg) to represent a small\u2010sized <jats:italic>Australopithecus africanus<\/jats:italic>, the level of encephalization lies well above that of extant apes. If OH 62 (approximately 25 kg), with limb proportions less human\u2010like than those of australopithecines, indeed represents <jats:italic>Homo habilis<\/jats:italic> (which has been questioned previously), an increase in relative brain size would have occurred well before full bipedality, an assumption running counter to current assumptions concerning early human evolution. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330920103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,4]],"date-time":"2006-02-04T04:27:51Z","timestamp":1139027271000},"page":"17-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Body weight prediction in early fossil hominids: Towards a taxon\u2010\u201cindependent\u201d approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Hartwig\u2010Scherer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"The allometry of primate body proportions","volume":"48","author":"Aiello LC","year":"1981","journal-title":"Symp. 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