{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T20:49:53Z","timestamp":1791146993587,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,2]],"date-time":"2005-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4170,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve skeletal samples, previously published, from the Arabian Gulf have been used to trace differences in diet and subsistence patterns through an analysis of dental pathology. The skeletons date from 3,000 BC to AD 1,500 and cover a variety of geographical locations: off\u2010shore islands, Eastern Arabia, and Oman. The dental conditions analyzed are attrition, caries, calculus, abscessing, and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL). Results indicate four basic patterns of dental disease which, while not mutually exclusive, correspond to four basic subsistence patterns. Marine dependency, represented by the Ras el\u2010Hamra population, is indicated by severe attrition, low caries rates, wear\u2010caused abscessing, and a lack of AMTL. The second group of dental diseases\u2014moderate attrition and calculus, low rates of caries, wearcaused abscessing, and low\u2010moderate rates of AMTL\u2014affects populations subsisting on a mixture of pastoralism or fishing and agriculture (Failaka, Umm an\u2010Nar, Bronze Age Maysar, Bronze Age Shimal, and Iron Age Galilah). Mixed farming populations (Iron Age Maysar and Islamic Bahrain) experienced low\u2010moderate attrition, high rates of caries and calculus, abscessing due to caries, and severe AMTL. The final group of dental diseases affects populations practicing intensive gardening (Bronze and Iron Age Bahrain, and Sites 3 and 5, Ras al\u2010Khaimah). These groups experienced slight attrition, high rates of caries, low rates of calculus deposition, and severe AMTL. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330920403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,4]],"date-time":"2006-02-04T10:27:07Z","timestamp":1139048827000},"page":"427-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Fish\u2010eaters and farmers: Dental pathology in the Arabian Gulf"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Judith","family":"Littleton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Frohlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"The Biologic Basis of Dental Caries","author":"Alfano M","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00438243.1984.9979915"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Digging up Bones","author":"Brothwell D","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330520407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330590109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(75)90067-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/279156"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Bahrain through the ages Conference. The Archaeology","author":"Frohlich B","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Human disease in the ancient Middle East Dilmun","volume":"14","author":"Frohlich B","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Bahrain Histor. Arch. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"On prehistoric settlement and chronology of the Oman Peninsula","volume":"25","author":"Frifelt K","year":"1975","journal-title":"East West"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3406\/paleo.1989.4510"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Investigations in a shi'ite village in Bahrain","author":"Hansen H","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Dentition on Umm an\u2010Nar c2500 B C","volume":"11","author":"Hojgaard K","year":"1981","journal-title":"Papers Of The Seminar For Arabian Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"151","volume-title":"South Asian Archaeology","author":"Hojgaard K","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002203457705600316011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"JarmanS(1977)Bahrain Island: Human skeletal material from the first millenium B. C. Bull. Asia Inst. 2\u20134:19\u201340."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Bronze\u2010 un Eisenzeitliche skelettfunde aus Oman","volume":"32","author":"Kunter M","year":"1981","journal-title":"Homo"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Holocene Land\u2010Use on the Bahrain Islands","author":"Larsen C","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3856242"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"LittletonJ(1987)A Delicious Torment: An Analysis of Dental Pathology on Historic Bahrain. ANU Canberra: MA thesis."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3406\/paleo.1989.4509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Reconstruction of Life from the skeleton","author":"Lukacs J","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Dental disease in prehistoric Baluchistan","volume":"1","author":"Lukacs J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Natl. Geog. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02443988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Failaka, Fouilles francaises 1986\u20131988","author":"Maat G","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"85","volume":"18","journal-title":"Lyon, Travuax dela Maison de l'Orient"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330780411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"MatterA(1987)Investigations on fluorides in Bahrain. Supports for Scientific Research Efforts in Bahrain. No. 151."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330340204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/201284"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NesbittM(1992)Archaeobotanical evidence for early Dilmun diet at Saar Bahrain. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy (in press).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0471.1993.tb00041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"726","article-title":"Dental investigations of Greenland Eskimos","volume":"40","author":"Pedersen P","year":"1947","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Towards an integrated history of culture change in the Arabian Gulf area: Notes on Dilmun, Makkan and the economy of Ancient sumer","volume":"4","author":"Potts D","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. 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