{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T18:22:08Z","timestamp":1774030928867,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,2]],"date-time":"2005-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4170,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although there is evidence for reduced fertility in Andean and Himalayan populations at higher altitudes, factors other than hypoxia may be primarily responsible. A valuable approach in the investigation of these fertility determinants is the use of salivary steroid assays. However, coca\u2010leaf chewing\u2014a ubiquitous practice among high altitude Andean populations\u2014has negative consequences for the accurate measurement of ovarian steroids. This report evaluates the effects of coca\u2010leaf chewing on assays of salivary progesterone. Study participants include naive and habitual users of coca leaf from La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia. Approximately 300 saliva samples were collected immediately before, during, and after coca\u2010leaf chewing. The series includes samples with and without the alkaloid enhancer typically used by coca\u2010leaf chewers. Coca chewing produces false salivary progesterone values that mimic luteal phase values. On the basis of this study, an appropriate protocol is developed for the collection of salivary samples in coca\u2010leaf chewing populations. These results verify the feasibility of salivary assays, even for very difficult field conditions, and highlight the necessity of establishing suitable collection procedures before full field implementation of saliva sampling. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330920410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,4]],"date-time":"2006-02-04T10:27:23Z","timestamp":1139048843000},"page":"539-544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effect of coca\u2010leaf chewing on salivary progesterone assays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Virginia J.","family":"Vitzthum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Von Dornum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Ellison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Anthropological Studies of Human Fertility","author":"Abelson AE","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1984.86.3.02a00190"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.1974.9988086"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"352","volume-title":"The Structure of Human Populations","author":"Baker PT","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000178221"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.1970.9987853"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","series-title":"Scientific Publication No. 140","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Life at high altitudes","author":"Donayre J","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.1980.9988412"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330310507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1983.85.1.02a00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1984.86.2.02a00260"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1984.86.3.02a00200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014469000000782"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000012736"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Man at High Altitude","author":"Heath D","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1984.86.2.02a00250"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Man in the Andes","author":"Hoff CJ","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2172615"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"833","article-title":"Altitude and reproduction of the Japanese in Bolivia","volume":"60","author":"Kashiwazaki H","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hum. 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