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Rak (1983) has provided the most comprehensive evaluation of <jats:italic>Paranthropus<\/jats:italic> facial morphology and this important study concluded that bone strain generated during mastication was responsible for the scaling of measures of facial height and breadth. The present study evaluated Rak's analysis by examining the relationship between bizygomatic breadth and facial height in an ontogenetic series of <jats:italic>Pan<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Gorilla<\/jats:italic> crania. Results of this analysis indicate that facial height and breadth dimensions were not mechanically scaled in the \u201crobust\u201d australopithecines. Structural analysis of African ape facial maturation was also used to examine alternative spatial methods of malar elongation in <jats:italic>Paranthropus<\/jats:italic>. It is concluded that the increased height of the malar region in these specimens is not related to either vertical expansion of the posterior facial skeleton or to expansion of the temporal fossa. Malar elongation is, however, consistent with a derived pattern of facial growth in crania possessing a thickened hard palate. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330930209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,8]],"date-time":"2005-08-08T17:57:51Z","timestamp":1123523871000},"page":"259-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mechanical and spatial determinants of <i>Paranthropus<\/i> facial form"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Melanie A.","family":"McCollum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330090304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330760107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(89)90088-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"ClarkeRJ(1977)The Cranium of the Swartkrans Hominid SK 847 and Its Relevance to Human Origins. 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