{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:30:08Z","timestamp":1791250208699,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]],"date-time":"2006-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Buried in the same South African cave deposits as <jats:italic>Australopithecus<\/jats:italic>, fossil papionins have been referred to <jats:italic>Parapapio<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pp. whitei<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pp. broomi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pp. jonesi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pp. antiquus<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Papio<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P. izodi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. angusticeps<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. h. robinsoni<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Theropithecus<\/jats:italic> (e.g., <jats:italic>T. darti<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Gorgopithecus<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>Dinopithecus<\/jats:italic> on the basis of postcanine tooth size and descriptive morphology of the muzzle. The morphological patterns of variation that these papionins demonstrate can help to place the <jats:italic>Australopithecus<\/jats:italic> fossils into a biochronological context and provide valuable information for reconstructing regional Plio\u2010Pleistocene turnover. To document these patterns of variation across fossil\u2010bearing sites, we explore morphometric affinities within <jats:italic>Parapapio<\/jats:italic>, and between <jats:italic>Parapapio<\/jats:italic> and other Plio\u2010Pleistocene taxa (<jats:italic>Dinopithecus ingens<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Papio angusticeps<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Papio izodi<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Theropithecus darti<\/jats:italic>) by analyzing a sample of interlandmark distances derived from 3\u2010D coordinate data of the most complete fossil papionin specimens available. Bivariate and multivariate analyses show that <jats:italic>Pp. whitei<\/jats:italic> exhibits as much variation between sites and between individuals as <jats:italic>Pp. broomi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pp. whitei<\/jats:italic> combined. Diversity in <jats:italic>Parapapio<\/jats:italic> at Makapansgat and Sterkfontein may suggest substantial time depth to the caves. <jats:italic>Theropithecus darti<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Dinopithecus ingens<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Papio angusticeps<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pp. whitei<\/jats:italic> from Bolt's Farm (BF 43), and <jats:italic>Pp. jonesi<\/jats:italic> from Sterkfontein (STS 565) differ considerably from one another. Other <jats:italic>Parapapio<\/jats:italic> specimens across sites form a separate cluster with <jats:italic>P. izodi<\/jats:italic> from Taung, suggesting a Pliocene age for this site. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]],"date-time":"2006-10-31T18:18:49Z","timestamp":1162318729000},"page":"163-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Inferring Plio\u2010Pleistocene southern African biochronology from facial affinities in <i>Parapapio<\/i> and other fossil papionins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"F.L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.R.","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.R.","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2002.0569"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195114379.003.0014","volume-title":"African biogeography, climate change, and human evolution","author":"Benefit BR","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330920109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"The hunters or the hunted? 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