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A re\u2010examination of the skeletal remains of 364 nonadults from the civitas capital at Roman Dorchester (Durnovaria) in Dorset was carried out to measure the health of the children living in this small urban area. The cemetery population was divided into two groups; the first buried their dead organized within an east\u2013west alignment with possible Christian\u2010style graves, and the second with more varied \u201cpagan\u201d graves, aligned north\u2013south. A higher prevalence of malnutrition and trauma was evident in the children from Dorchester than in any other published Romano\u2010British group, with levels similar to those seen in postmedieval industrial communities. Cribra orbitalia was present in 38.5% of the children, with rickets and\/or scurvy at 11.2%. Twelve children displayed fractures of the ribs, with 50% of cases associated with rickets and\/or scurvy, suggesting that rib fractures should be considered during the diagnosis of these conditions. The high prevalence of anemia, rickets, and scurvy in the Poundbury children, and especially the infants, indicates that this community may have adopted child\u2010rearing practices that involved fasting the newborn, a poor quality weaning diet, and swaddling, leading to general malnutrition and inadequate exposure to sunlight. The Pagan group showed no evidence of scurvy or rib fractures, indicating difference in religious and child\u2010rearing practices but that both burial groups were equally susceptible to rickets and anemia suggests a shared poor standard of living in this urban environment. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,21]],"date-time":"2009-12-21T15:28:08Z","timestamp":1261409288000},"page":"405-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Life and death in a civitas capital: Metabolic disease and trauma in the children from late Roman Dorchester, Dorset"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0092.1985.tb00233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.809"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"90","volume-title":"St Martin's uncovered investigations in the churchyard of St Martin's\u2010in\u2010the\u2010Bull Ring, Birmingham, 2001","author":"Brickley M","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20265"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-370486-3.00002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.794"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420048339"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Cannington cemetery","author":"Brothwell D","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains","author":"Buikstra JE","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Britons and Romans: advancing an archaeological agenda","author":"Burnham B","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)38323-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Winchester studies 3: pre\u2010Roman and Roman Winchester Part II: the roman cemetery at Lankhills","author":"Clarke G","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Death in towns: urban responses to the dying and the dead, 100\u20101600","author":"Cleary SE","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"277","volume-title":"The Eastern cemetery of Roman London excavations 1983\u20101990","author":"Conheeney J","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511489570"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"CoxM.1989.The human bones from Ancaster. 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