{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:37:37Z","timestamp":1776325057314,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,27]],"date-time":"2010-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1282867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is well established that breast milk is the ideal food for infants and that breastfeeding has short\u2010 and long\u2010term health benefits for the mother and child. However, there is variation in breastfeeding patterns between populations. Women's work is thought to influence breastfeeding patterns and timing of supplementation and it is often assumed that women in subsistence\u2010oriented societies can more easily integrate their productive and reproductive activities. This article reports longitudinal data, collected in three rounds (<jats:italic>resguardo<\/jats:italic> [&lt;40 days], peak [2\u20134 months], and late [14\u201316 months] lactation), on breastfeeding structure, infant care, and work patterns of 17 rural Amazonian women in an effort to understand how breastfeeding structure and maternal time allocation changed over time, as well as the strategies women used to integrate their productive and reproductive roles. Women breastfed 10.6 \u00b1 3.1, 9.4 \u00b1 3.4, and 9.6 \u00b1 5.5 times per 9\u2010h period in the three rounds, respectively. Breastfeeding structure, specifically session duration, changed over time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). As lactation progressed, women spent less time breastfeeding and in infant care and more time in subsistence work. In peak lactation, subsistence work was negatively correlated with infant care (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), breastfeeding (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.29, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05) and session duration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.39, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and in late lactation was negatively correlated with time spent breastfeeding (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.39, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and in infant care (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.50, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and positively correlated with inter\u2010session interval (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.40, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Generally, women reduced time in subsistence work when breastfeeding was more intense and returned to normal activity patterns once infants were being supplemented. The costs and benefits associated with women's strategies are discussed. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,31]],"date-time":"2010-08-31T02:31:30Z","timestamp":1283221890000},"page":"226-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Longitudinal study of breastfeeding structure and women's work in the Brazilian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Piperata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsey M. Gooden","family":"Mattern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1970.72.5.02a00070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Caxiuan\u00e3: Popula\u00e7\u00f5es Tradicionais, Meio F\u00edsico & Diversidade Biol\u00f3gica","author":"Costa ML","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(87)90306-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.1988.2.2.02a00060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.1310040205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000017582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20533"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330980302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"Ecology of weaning among nomadic Turkana pastoralists of Kenya: maternal thinking, maternal behavior, and human adaptive strategies","volume":"68","author":"Gray SJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/56.5.874","article-title":"Energy intake, energy expenditure, and body composition of poor rural Philippine women throughout the first 6 mo of lactation","volume":"56","author":"Guillermo\u2010Tuazon MA","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Evidence on the long\u2010term effects of breastfeeding: systemic reviews and meta\u2010analyses","author":"Horta BL","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000016771"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE).2009. Cidades. Electronic Document. Available at:www.IBGE.gov.br\/cidadesat Last accessed on: February 25."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/can.1987.2.1.02a00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7352291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"The optimal duration of breastfeeding: a systematic review","author":"Kramer MS","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3773519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/353392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","volume-title":"Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual","author":"Lohman TG","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Multivariate statistical methods, a primer","author":"Manly BFJ","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6300(1998)10:2<179::AID-AJHB4>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-001-1011-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932001003212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1991.93.2.02a00050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018779624490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.1984.9990796"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3773113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00889713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000019179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.1992.9991288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/57.5.620"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.1980.9990579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"S82","article-title":"Energy requirements of pregnant and lactating women","volume":"60","author":"Prentice AM","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.12.2790"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.an.06.100177.001145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(82)90239-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2648105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.10.2707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-001-1013-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.e75"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6300(1998)10:2<191::AID-AJHB5>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","volume-title":"Breastfeeding: biocultural perspectives","author":"Stuart\u2010Macadam P","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.20.2601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932003006382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1965600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/27.3.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000017843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330370611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91920-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511610943"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.5.691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","volume-title":"Physical status: the use and interpretation of Anthropometry","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(94)01612-S"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physical Anthropology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajpa.21391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajpa.21391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T20:09:08Z","timestamp":1696968548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajpa.21391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,27]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajpa.21391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.21391","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9483","1096-8644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9483","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,27]]}}}