{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T06:13:53Z","timestamp":1769148833234,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]],"date-time":"2011-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dental eruption provides markers of growth and is one component of a chimpanzee's physical development. Dental markers help characterize transitions between life stages, e.g., infant to juvenile. Most of what we know about the timing of development in chimpanzees derives from<jats:italic>Pan troglodytes.<\/jats:italic>Much less is known about the sister species,<jats:italic>Pan paniscus<\/jats:italic>, with few in captivity and a restricted wild range in central Africa. Here we report on the dental eruption timing for female captive<jats:italic>P. paniscus<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 5) from the Milwaukee and San Diego Zoos whose ages are known and range from birth to age 8.54 years. Some observations were recorded in zoo records on the gingiva during life; others were made at death on the gingiva and on the skeleton. At birth,<jats:italic>P. paniscus<\/jats:italic>infants have no teeth emerged. By 0.83 years, all but the deciduous second molars (dm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) (when both upper and lower dentitions are referenced collectively, no super or subscript notation is used) and canines (dc) are emerged. For permanent teeth, results show a sequence polymorphism for an early P4 eruption, not previously described for<jats:italic>P. paniscus<\/jats:italic>. Comparisons between<jats:italic>P. paniscus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P. troglodytes<\/jats:italic>document absolute timing differences of emergence in upper second incisors (I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), and upper and lower canines (C) and third molars (M3). The genus<jats:italic>Pan<\/jats:italic>encompasses variability in growth not previously recognized. These preliminary data suggest that physical growth in captive<jats:italic>P. paniscus<\/jats:italic>may be accelerated, a general pattern found in captive<jats:italic>P. troglodytes<\/jats:italic>. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]],"date-time":"2011-05-03T20:54:05Z","timestamp":1304456045000},"page":"647-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Brief communication: Dental development timing in captive<i>Pan paniscus<\/i>with comparisons to<i>Pan troglodytes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Debra R.","family":"Bolter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrienne L.","family":"Zihlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198505082.001.0001","volume-title":"The chimpanzees of the Ta\u00ef Forest: behavioural ecology and evolution","author":"Boesch C","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6300(1996)8:6<703::AID-AJHB2>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11692-008-9043-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-6383(91)90022-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02373439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330180113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Craniofacial morphology of Pan paniscus: a morphometric and evolutionary appraisal","volume":"10","author":"Cramer DL","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cont Primatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1996.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-005-0723-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-006-0179-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2007.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020326304074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Primate life histories and socioecology","author":"Godfrey LR","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026384922066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000156568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"The last ape: pygmy chimpanzee behavior and ecology","author":"Kano T","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906206107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02381856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0082-4_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674183858.c23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330890310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-7496-8_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330540309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-74787-3_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1090.1980.tb00944.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330220315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350150104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-5845-5_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1998.0248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000155550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330620307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Ages of eruption of primate teeth: a compendium for aging individuals and comparing life histories","volume":"37","author":"Smith BH","year":"1994","journal-title":"Yrbk Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-74787-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Chimpanzee cultures","author":"Tutin C","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330720305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402635101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2007.00301.x","article-title":"Skeletal and dental growth and development in chimpanzees of the Ta\u00ef National Park. 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