{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:39:59Z","timestamp":1790419199627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]],"date-time":"2012-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Qualitative methods of describing sexual dimorphism in discrete cranial traits have been criticized for their subjectivity and statistical limitations. However, researchers have yet to be able to accurately capture the morphology of these individual traits using traditional metric techniques. This article presents a method to quantify morphological variation in the skeletal browridge and chin using 3D surface laser scans. Browridge and chin regions are isolated from the skull using objectively defined landmarks and planes. Region areas and volumes are used to quantify absolute and relative size, while semilandmarks along transects are used for more detailed morphometric analyses. An intraobserver error study indicates high repeatability of the method. Application of the method is demonstrated on a sample of US males and females of black and white ancestries. Results suggest significant effects of both sex and ancestry on brow and chin morphologies and are consistent with traditional qualitative descriptions. Our results indicate that the method can accurately and reliably quantify browridge and chin morphologies, providing a tool to objectively describe and statistically analyze these traditionally qualitative discrete cranial traits. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]],"date-time":"2012-02-27T13:18:55Z","timestamp":1330348735000},"page":"661-670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Sexual dimorphism in skeletal browridge and chin morphologies determined using a new quantitative method"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Heather M.","family":"Garvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Ruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"History of human life span and mortality","author":"Acs\u00e1di G","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2009.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Human osteology: a laboratory and field manual","author":"Bass WM","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20546"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(19991215)257:6<217::AID-AR7>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains: proceedings of a seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History","author":"Buikstra JE","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2003185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/06-0727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.1360010506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2002.0563"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.09.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(80)90061-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1127\/anthranz\/64\/2006\/147","article-title":"Ontogenetic study of the supraorbital region in modern humans: a longitudinal test of the spatial model","volume":"64","author":"Fiscella GN","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anthropol Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-27614-9_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2007.00627.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.720"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199809)107:1<97::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420036176"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2003385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(03)00047-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/203279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01380.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510395488"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20776"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The mandibles of Sinanthropus pekinensis: a comparative study","volume":"7","author":"Weidenreich F","year":"1936","journal-title":"Palaeontol Sinica Ser D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00177.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","volume-title":"Geometric morphometrics for biologists: a primer","author":"Zelditch ML","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199809)107:1<137::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-1"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physical Anthropology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajpa.22036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajpa.22036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T19:54:43Z","timestamp":1696967683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajpa.22036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajpa.22036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.22036","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9483","1096-8644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9483","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]]}}}