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We revisited 152 Peruvian children who participated in a birth cohort study between 1995 and 1998, and obtained anthropometric and bioimpedance measurements 11\u201314 years later. We used multivariable regression models to study the effects of childhood anthropometric indices on height and body composition in early adolescence. Each standard deviation decrease in length\u2010for\u2010age at birth was associated with a decrease in adolescent height\u2010for\u2010age of 0.7 SD in both boys and girls (all<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001) and 9.7 greater odds of stunting (95% CI 3.3\u201328.6). Each SD decrease in length\u2010for\u2010age in the first 30 months of life was associated with a decrease in adolescent height\u2010for\u2010age of 0.4 in boys and 0.6 standard deviation in girls (all<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001) and with 5.8 greater odds of stunting (95% CI 2.6\u201313.5). The effect of weight gain during early childhood on weight in early adolescence was more complex to understand. Weight\u2010for\u2010length at birth and rate of change in weight\u2010for\u2010length in early childhood were positively associated with age\u2010 and sex\u2010adjusted body mass index and a greater risk of being overweight in early adolescence. Linear growth retardation in early childhood is a strong determinant of adolescent stature, indicating that, in developing countries, growth failure in height during early childhood persists through early adolescence. Interventions addressing linear growth retardation in childhood are likely to improve adolescent stature and related\u2010health outcomes in adulthood. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:451\u2013461, 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]],"date-time":"2012-05-03T07:16:06Z","timestamp":1336029366000},"page":"451-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Early anthropometric indices predict short stature and overweight status in a cohort of peruvians in early adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Robie","family":"Sterling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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