{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:38:19Z","timestamp":1758127099897},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,20]],"date-time":"2012-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is unclear whether earlier age at menarche is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) because they share a common genetic underpinning. We investigated the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing menarche timing on peripubertal BMI. For 556 Fels Longitudinal Study children (277 boys\/279 girls) born 1928\u20131992, a genetic risk score (GRS<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>) was computed as the sum of the number of risk alleles in 42 putative menarche SNPs. Serial BMI <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores within \u00b16.99 years from each individual's age at peak height velocity (Age@PHV) were grouped into seven time points (\u22126 years, \u22124 years, \u20132 years, Age@PHV, +2 years, +4years, and +6 years). Heritability of BMI ranged from 0.53 to 0.85 across the time points. The effect of GRS<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub> on BMI <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores at each time point was modeled using variance components\u2010based procedures. GRS<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub> had a significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) effect at every time point; an increase of one risk allele was associated with an increase of 0.03\u20130.08 BMI <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores. A separate score (GRS<jats:sub>29<\/jats:sub>) was computed that excluded 13 of the menarche SNPs previously documented to also influence adiposity; significant main effects were observed at Age@PHV+4 and +6 years. This finding supports a causal effect of advanced sexual development on post\u2010Age@PHV BMI. Significant positive GRS<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub> (or GRS<jats:sub>29<\/jats:sub>)\u2010by\u2010birth year interactions indicate that some genetic influences on BMI have amplified over the 20th century. This gene\u2010by\u2010environment interaction also suggests that children with a genetic predisposition to earlier sexual development might avoid elevated BMI through alteration of their nutritional environment. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,21]],"date-time":"2012-12-21T21:42:00Z","timestamp":1356126120000},"page":"10-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Genetic risk for earlier menarche also influences peripubertal body mass index"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey C.","family":"Choh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne E.","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan A.","family":"Czerwinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Bellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Blangero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradford","family":"Towne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen W.","family":"Demerath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng786"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/301844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1866"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"AUXAL: auxological analysis of longitudinal measurements of human stature, Version 3","author":"Bock RD","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1986.tb01037.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26733"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014467600001451"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5296.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.2.5054","article-title":"Leptin is a metabolic gate for the onset of puberty in the female rat","volume":"138","author":"Cheung CC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/32911"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.815"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.2.441"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.17.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.714"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1813D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511023331801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1141634"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.4.e43"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.169.3943.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"NCHS growth curves for children birth\u201018 years. 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