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Our analyses of over 2,000 children and young adults first measured in 1966\u20131972, with follow\u2010up surveys in 1968\u20131970 and 1985\u20131986, show changes in overweight\/obesity in these communities have their onset around puberty, and are not related to differences in childhood growth stunting. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased substantially during the period of this study among young adults, particularly women, and in groups with more Polynesian affinities, where the frequency of overweight (BMI \u2265 25) tripled over this 20\u2010year interval. However, the BMI of the more Papuan groups on Bougainville remained remarkably stable, even though they were close to the epicenter of modernization during this period, the Bougainville Copper Mine. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]],"date-time":"2012-10-05T17:43:11Z","timestamp":1349458991000},"page":"435-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Modernization and the onset of overweight and obesity in bougainville and solomon islands children: Cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal comparisons between 1966 and 1986"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Weitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise R.","family":"Friedlaender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Van Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan 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