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Nevertheless, since Latimer and Ohman (2001) reported on severe congenital pathology in KNM\u2010WT 15000, it is questionable whether this skeleton can still be used as reference for <jats:italic>Homo erectus<\/jats:italic> skeletal biology. The asserted pathologies include platyspondylic and diminutive vertebrae implying a disproportionately short stature; spina bifida; condylus tertius; spinal stenosis; and scoliosis. Based on this symptom complex, the differential diagnosis of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, an extremely rare form of skeletal dysplasia, has been proposed. Yet, our reanalysis of these pathologies shows that the shape of the KNM\u2010WT 15000 vertebrae matches that of normal modern human adolescents. The vertebrae are not abnormally flat, show no endplate irregularities, and thus are not platyspondylic. As this is the hallmark of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda and related forms of skeletal dysplasia, the absence of platyspondyly refutes axial dysplasia and disproportionate dwarfism. Furthermore, we neither found evidence for spina bifida occulta nor manifesta, whereas the condylus tertius, a developmental anomaly of the cranial base, is not related to skeletal dysplasias. Other fossils indicate that the relatively small size of the vertebrae and the narrow spinal canal are characteristics of early hominins rather than congenital pathologies. Except for the recently described signs of traumatic lumbar disc herniation, the Nariokotome boy fossil therefore seems to belong to a normal <jats:italic>Homo erectus<\/jats:italic> youth without pathologies of the axial skeleton. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T08:33:24Z","timestamp":1357202004000},"page":"365-374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["No skeletal dysplasia in the nariokotome boy KNM\u2010WT 15000 (<i>homo erectus<\/i>)\u2014A reassessment of congenital pathologies of the vertebral column"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Regula","family":"Schiess","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Haeusler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85207-0_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199401000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Human osteology: a laboratory and field manual","author":"Bass WM.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21633"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Clinical anatomy of the lumbar spine and sacrum","author":"Bogduk N.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/316788a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(05)70066-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330410304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/414628a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199407030-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(88)90086-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(87)80150-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320120409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"\u00dcber die sogenannten accessorischen Gelenkh\u00f6cker an der Pars basilaris ossis occipitis und einige Formen von ungew\u00f6hnlicher Gelenkverbindung zwischen dem Zahnfortsatz des Epistropheus und dem Hinterhauptsknochen","volume":"60","author":"Friedlowsky A.","year":"1869","journal-title":"Sitz Ber Akad Wiss Wien"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/11976"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice","author":"Gray H","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Traumatic spinal injury in the KNM\u2010WT 15000 Homo erectus skeleton","volume":"54","author":"Haeusler M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2007.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2012.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","article-title":"Evidence for juvenile disc herniation in Homo erectus boy skeleton","author":"Haeusler M","journal-title":"Spine."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2001.19930251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"409","article-title":"Die Fontanella lumbo\u2010sacralis und ihr Verh\u00e4ltnis zur Spina bifida occulta","volume":"119","author":"Hintze A.","year":"1922","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr klinische Chirurgie"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.68B4.3733841","article-title":"Spondylo\u2010epiphyseal dysplasia tarda","volume":"68","author":"Iceton JA","year":"1986","journal-title":"The X\u2010linked variety in three brothers. 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