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In this study, the authors provide detailed descriptions of the available <jats:italic>Oreopithecus<\/jats:italic> pollical distal phalanx (PDP) specimens, as well as bivariate and multivariate morphometric analyses in comparison with humans, extant apes, selected anthropoid monkeys, and available Miocene PDP specimens. The multivariate results reveal two opposite poles on the hominoid PDP shape spectrum: on one side, a mediolaterally broad and dorsopalmarly short human PDP, and on the other side, the narrow and \u201cconical\u201d PDP of chimpanzees and orangutans. The authors contend that <jats:italic>Oreopithecus<\/jats:italic> exhibits intermediate PDP proportions that are largely primitive for hominoids because it shares morphological similarities with <jats:italic>Proconsul<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, <jats:italic>Oreopithecus<\/jats:italic> displays a mediolaterally wide tuft for a hominoid, as well as a palmarly elevated attachment for a long tendon of a flexor muscle that is associated at its proximal edge with a proximal fossa and at its distal edge with an ungual fossa. These nonmetrical traits have been associated in humans with their capability to oppose and contact the proximal pads of the thumb and fingers, that is, pad\u2010to\u2010pad precision grasping. These traits reinforce previous studies that indicate a human\u2010like thumb\u2010to\u2010hand length ratio compatible with pad\u2010to\u2010pad precision grasping in <jats:italic>Oreopithecus<\/jats:italic>. Although specific hand use is still unresolved in <jats:italic>Oreopithecus<\/jats:italic>, the results suggest enhanced manipulative skills (unrelated to stone tool\u2010making) in this taxon relative to other (extant or fossil) hominoids. 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