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We used geometric morphometrics and multivariate analyses to test the null hypothesis that craniofacial morphology does not vary with ecogeographical and phylogenetic factors. As predicted by Bergmann's rule, size was larger for the <jats:italic>fascicularis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sinica<\/jats:italic> groups in colder environments. No clear size cline was observed in the <jats:italic>silenus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sylvanus<\/jats:italic> groups. An allometric pattern was observed across macaques, indicating that as size increases, rounded faces become more elongated. However, the elevation was differentiated within each of the former two groups and between the <jats:italic>silenus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sylvanus<\/jats:italic> groups, and the slope decreased in each of the two northern species of the <jats:italic>fascicularis<\/jats:italic> group. All allometric changes resulted in the similar situation of the face being more rounded in animals inhabiting colder zones and\/or in animals having a larger body size than that predicted from the overarching allometric pattern. For non\u2010allometric components, variations in prognathism were significantly correlated with dietary differences; variations in localized shape components in zygomatics and muzzles were significantly correlated with phylogenetic differences among the subgroups. The common allometric pattern was probably influenced directly or indirectly by climate\u2010related factors, which are pressures favoring a more rounded face in colder environments and\/or a more elongated face in warmer environments. Allometric dissociation could have occurred several times in <jats:italic>Macaca<\/jats:italic> even within a subgroup because of their wide latitudinal distributions, critically impairing the taxonomic utility of craniofacial elongation. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:27\u201341, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,22]],"date-time":"2014-01-22T05:21:28Z","timestamp":1390368088000},"page":"27-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Ecogeographical and phylogenetic effects on craniofacial variation in macaques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution and Phylogeny, Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama Aichi 484\u20138506 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution and Phylogeny, Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama Aichi 484\u20138506 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanaru","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution and Phylogeny, Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama Aichi 484\u20138506 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Feeding ecology of the primates of Bangladesh","volume":"1","author":"Ahsan MF","year":"1994","journal-title":"Current primatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The craniofacial morphology of the Sulawesi macaques: multivariate approaches to biological problems","volume":"13","author":"Albrecht GH","year":"1978","journal-title":"Contrib Primatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02735594"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02736629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.24792"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2012.02783.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2008.01011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2007.01731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"176","volume":"53","author":"Cobb SN","year":"2007","journal-title":"The ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in the facial skeleton of the African apes"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-142X.2001.01042.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Paleoanthropology in the People's Republic of China","author":"Delson E","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"10","volume-title":"The macaques: studies in ecology, behavior and evolution","author":"Delson E","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Body mass in Cercopithecidae (Primates, Mammalia): estimation and scaling in extinct and extant taxa","volume":"83","author":"Delson E","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anthropol Pap Am Mus Nat Hist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21541"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Primate adaptation and evolution","author":"Fleagle JG","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Taxonomy and evolution of the monkeys of Celebes","volume":"10","author":"Fooden J","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bibliotheca Primatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Taxonomy and evolution of liontail and pigtail macaques","volume":"67","author":"Fooden J","year":"1975","journal-title":"Fieldiana Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000155715"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02373969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Taxonomy and evolution of the sinica group of macaques: 5","volume":"29","author":"Fooden J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Overview of natural history. 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