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Stable isotope analysis to better understand a diet\u2010related disease: celiac disease in ancient human bones was carried out. To do this, we analyzed the nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of human (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200937) and faunal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) bone remains from the archaeological site of Cosa at Ansedonia, on the Tyrrhenian coast near Orbetello (Tuscany), including the skeletal remains of a young woman (late 1st century\u2013early 2nd century Common Era [CE]) with morphological and genetic features suggestive of celiac disease. We compared the young woman's isotopic data with those of other individuals recovered at the same site but from two later time periods (6th century CE; 11\u201312th century CE) and with literature data from other Italian archaeological sites dating to the same period. Her collagen \u03b4<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C and \u03b4<jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N values differed from those of the samples at the same site, and from most but not all of the contemporary sites. Although the woman's diet appears distinct, chronic malnutrition resulting from severe malabsorption of essential nutrients due to celiac disease may have affected the isotopic composition of her bone collagen. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:349\u2013356, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]],"date-time":"2014-04-07T06:30:53Z","timestamp":1396852253000},"page":"349-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Palaeodiet reconstruction in a woman with probable celiac disease: A stable isotope analysis of bone remains from the archaeological site of Cosa (Italy)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Scorrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro di Antropologia Molecolare per lo studio del DNA antico, Dipartimento di Biologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma \u201cTor Vergata\u201d Via della Ricerca scientifica n. 1 00133 Roma Italia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Brilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, CNR 00015 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