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The osteological analysis of 5,387 individuals excavated by Museum of London Archaeology from the medieval burial ground of St. Mary Spital in London (dated<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>1120\u20131539) provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the nature and prevalence of disease over a period of time. Twenty\u2010five individuals were found with suspected treponematosis, originating from all but the earliest period of the burial ground. Descriptions of affected individuals from each period, together with supporting images, are provided. In this work, particular emphasis was given to the distribution of lesions on the skeleton and the variation in patterns by sex and over time. Little change was observed in the distribution of bony change between individuals dated to pre\u2010 and post\u2010Columbian periods. However, a dramatic rise in the prevalence of the disease in the final period (<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>1400\u20131539) may reflect documentary reports of a European epidemic from the late 15th century. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:90\u2013101, 2015 \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,6]],"date-time":"2014-10-06T05:44:56Z","timestamp":1412574296000},"page":"90-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Evidence of skeletal treponematosis from the medieval burial ground of<scp>S<\/scp>t.<scp>M<\/scp>ary<scp>S<\/scp>pital,<scp>L<\/scp>ondon, and implications for the origins of the disease in<scp>E<\/scp>urope"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Don","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of London Archaeology London N1 7ED UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of London Archaeology London N1 7ED UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of London Archaeology London N1 7ED UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Redfern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of London Center for Human Bioarchaeology London EC2Y 5HN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"The Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology","author":"Aufderheide AC","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/203691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Human osteology: a laboratory and field manual","author":"Bass WM","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"The growth of humanity","author":"Bogin B","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02437238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Digging up bones: the excavation, treatment and study of human skeletal remains","author":"Brothwell D","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"BuikstraJE UbelakerDH editors.1994. 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