{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:10:04Z","timestamp":1793427004359,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,18]],"date-time":"2014-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000267","name":"Arts and Humanities Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AH\/H025081\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AH\/H025081\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000267","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The sternal end of the clavicle has been illustrated to be useful in aging young adults, however, no studies have investigated what age\u2010related changes occur to the sternal end post epiphyseal fusion. In this study, three morphological features (i.e., surface topography, porosity, and osteophyte formation) were examined and scored using 564 clavicles of individuals of European ancestry (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009318 males;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009246 females), with known ages of 40+ years, from four documented skeletal collections: Hamann\u2010Todd, Pretoria, St. Bride's, and Coimbra. An ordinal scoring method was developed for each of the three traits. Surface topography showed the strongest correlation with age, and composite scores (formed by summing the three separate trait scores) indicated progressive degeneration of the surface with increasing chronological age. Linear regression analyses were performed on the trait scores to produce pooled\u2010sample age estimation equations. Blind tests of the composite score method and regression formulae on 56 individuals, aged 40+ years, from Christ Church Spitalfields, suggest accuracies of 96.4% for both methods.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>These preliminary results display the first evidence of the utility of the sternal end of the clavicle in aging older adult individuals. However, in the current format, these criteria should only be applied to individuals already identified as over 40 years in order to refine the age ranges used for advanced age. These findings do suggest the sternal end of the clavicle has potential to aid age estimates beyond the traditional \u201cmature adult\u201d age category (i.e., 46+ years), and provides several suggestions for future research. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:203\u2013214, 2015. \u00a9 2014 The Authors American Journal of Physical Anthropology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,18]],"date-time":"2014-10-18T06:46:31Z","timestamp":1413614791000},"page":"203-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Estimating age of mature adults from the degeneration of the sternal end of the clavicle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Ceri G.","family":"Falys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading Reading Berkshire RG6 6AB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Prangle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics Whiteknights, University of Reading Reading Berkshire RG6 6AX UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2003.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.17.1.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199710)104:2<259::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511542428.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02437238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains","author":"Buikstra JE","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20850"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.2.322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Human osteology in archaeology and forensic science","author":"Cox M","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195068290.001.0001","volume-title":"Biological anthropology and aging","author":"Crews DE","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Grave reflections portraying the past through cemetary studies","author":"Cunha E","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Degenerative changes in the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints","author":"DePalma AF","year":"1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"FalysCG.2012. Extending the life course: developing new methods for identifying the \u201celderly\u201d in the archaeological record. Ph.D. Thesis. Reading Berkshire: University of Reading."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"142","volume-title":"A companion to social archaeology","author":"Gilchrist R","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781846159749","volume-title":"Medieval Life: Archaeology and the life course","author":"Gilchrist R","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HoppaRD VaupelJW editors.2002. Paleodemography: age distributions from skeletal samples. 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