{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:13:58Z","timestamp":1791299638481,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]],"date-time":"2014-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0820485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0820485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Teilhardina belgica<\/jats:italic> is one of the earliest fossil primates ever recovered and the oldest fossil primate from Europe. As such, this taxon has often been hypothesized as a basal tarsiiform on the basis of its primitive dental formula with four premolars and a simplified molar cusp pattern. Until recently [see Rose et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 146 (2011) 281\u2013305; Gebo et al.: J Hum Evol 63 (2012) 205\u2013218], little was known concerning its postcranial anatomy with the exception of its well\u2010known tarsals. In this article, we describe additional postcranial elements for <jats:italic>T. belgica<\/jats:italic> and compare these with other tarsiiforms and with primitive adapiforms. The forelimb of <jats:italic>T. belgica<\/jats:italic> indicates an arboreal primate with prominent forearm musculature, good elbow rotational mobility, and a horizontal, rather than a vertical body posture. The lateral hand positions imply grasps adaptive for relatively large diameter supports given its small body size. The hand is long with very long fingers, especially the middle phalanges. The hindlimb indicates foot inversion capabilities, frequent leaping, arboreal quadrupedalism, climbing, and grasping. The long and well\u2010muscled hallux can be coupled with long lateral phalanges to reconstruct a foot with long grasping digits. Our phyletic analysis indicates that we can identify several postcranial characteristics shared in common for stem primates as well as note several derived postcranial characters for Tarsiiformes. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:388\u2013406, 2015. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T05:09:41Z","timestamp":1415768981000},"page":"388-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Additional postcranial elements of <scp><i>T<\/i><\/scp><i>eilhardina belgica<\/i>: The oldest <scp>E<\/scp>uropean primate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Gebo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL 60115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operational Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences  Brussels B\u20101000 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Dagosto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operational Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences  Brussels B\u20101000 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"An introduction to human evolutionary anatomy","author":"Aiello 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