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While PCG.2 appears to be certainly attributable to<jats:italic>Homo erectus<\/jats:italic>, FS\u201072 is somewhat more problematic, even though it is commonly listed within the Indonesian<jats:italic>H. erectus<\/jats:italic>hypodigm. Largely because of its large size, it was originally attributed to<jats:italic>Meganthropus paleojavanicus<\/jats:italic>. Subsequent study highlighted a set of metric and nonmetric crown features also found in Australopith and African early<jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic>(notably<jats:italic>H. habilis<\/jats:italic>) homologues. An additional problem with the taxonomic assignment of isolated teeth from the Pleistocene of Java is the presence of<jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic>in these same deposits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the taxonomic affinity of FS\u201072, we investigated its inner structure (tissue proportions and enamel\u2010dentine junction morphology) by using techniques of 2\u20133D virtual imaging coupled with geometric morphometric analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results show that FS\u201072 has thinner enamel compared to fossil and recent humans and that its topographic repartition more closely follows the pongine pattern. It also exhibits a<jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic>\u2010like elongated morphology of the enamel\u2010dentine junction, with proportionally lower and mesiodistally spaced dentine horns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the morphological and metric similarities between fossil orangutan and<jats:italic>H. erectus<\/jats:italic>molars, we tested the hypothesis that its internal morphology more closely resembles the patterns evinced by PCG.2 and modern humans than<jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic>. Accordingly, we consider that FS\u201072 more likely represents a dm<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>of<jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic>rather than<jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic>. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:666\u2013674, 2015. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T03:56:16Z","timestamp":1428378976000},"page":"666-674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The early Pleistocene deciduous hominid molar<scp>FS<\/scp>\u201072 from the Sangiran dome of java, Indonesia: A taxonomic reappraisal based on its comparative endostructural characterization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Zanolli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Laboratory International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick E.","family":"Grine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY"},{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ottmar","family":"Kullmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palaeoanthropology Senckenberg Research Institute Frankfurt Am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Schrenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palaeoanthropology Senckenberg Research Institute Frankfurt Am Main Germany"},{"name":"Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Macchiarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement De Pr\u00e9histoire UMR 7194 Mus\u00e9um National D'histoire Naturelle Paris France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement G\u00e9osciences Universit\u00e9 De Poitiers Poitiers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Recent advances on Southeast Asian paleoanthropology and archaeology","author":"Arif J","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"53","volume-title":"A scientific life: papers in honor of Prof","author":"Aziz F.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"S. 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