{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T21:35:47Z","timestamp":1759959347356},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]],"date-time":"2016-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Jomon, one of the ancestral populations of modern Japanese, were hunter\u2010gatherers inhabiting the Japanese archipelago from 11,000 to 300 BC. We evaluated changes in the diaphyseal morphology of the fibula from the middle to the final phase of the Jomon period, compared to the morphology of other historical and modern populations from the Japanese archipelago, to elucidate temporal changes in habitual activities and possible division of labor among males and females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Jomon specimens of 107 males and 97 females were obtained from the shell mounds of the Pacific coastal area of East Japan, distinguishing between middle (3,000\u20132,000 BC) and late\u2010final (2,000\u2013300 BC) phases of the Jomon period. Mid\u2010shaft morphology of the fibula and tibia were compared to morphological measurements of specimens from Yayoi (37 males, 28 females), medieval (56 males, 56 females), early modern (51 males, 50 females), and modern (125 males, 68 females) periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Largest values of fibular areas and relative fibular\u2010to\u2010tibial areas were identified in males from the late\u2010final Jomon phase, compared to the middle Jomon phase and after the Yayoi period. These period\u2010specific differences in fibular area were smaller in females, with the largest between\u2010sex difference identified in the late\u2010final Jomon phase.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results confirm a change in the habitual activity pattern of males in the late\u2010final phase. Males of the late\u2010final Jomon phase likely did more long\u2010distance traveling to the inland\/mountainous region, as part of an ecological change that occurred during the middle to the late\u2010final Jomon phase. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:708\u2013718, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]],"date-time":"2016-05-04T13:26:56Z","timestamp":1462368416000},"page":"708-718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Morphological features of the fibula in Jomon hunter\u2010gatherers from the shell mounds of the Pacific coastal area"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Hagihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare 1398 Shimami\u2010Cho, Kita\u2010Ku Niigata City Niigata Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Niigata University of Health and Welfare 1398 Shimami\u2010Cho, Kita\u2010Ku Niigata City Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Nara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Niigata University of Health and Welfare 1398 Shimami\u2010Cho, Kita\u2010Ku Niigata City Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"240","volume-title":"Theories of social change of Jomon culture","author":"Abe A.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-1902-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Anthropological study of the fibula of the modern Cosun people","volume":"47","author":"Arase S.","year":"1932","journal-title":"Anthoropl Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2005.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Anthropology suppl. 1","author":"Baba H.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"BabaH SakaueK KonoR KatoH.1999. 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