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With this in mind, we investigated whether four energy\u2010related factors influence variation in breastfeeding duration in a non\u2010industrial human population: (1) mortality risk during mother's development (assessed via mother's adult height), (2) reliance on nutrient\u2010dense weaning foods, (3) access to and need for help with infant feeding and care (\u201callomaternal care\u201d), and (4) maternal tradeoffs between current and future reproduction (measured via child's birth order).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data pertain to 51 Kakchiquel\u2010speaking Maya mothers and 283 children from a village in rural Guatemala. We developed a linear mixed model to evaluate the relationships between breastfeeding duration and the energy\u2010related factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Duration of breastfeeding was associated with two of the energy\u2010related factors in the ways we predicted but not with the other two. Contrary to predictions, taller mothers breastfed for shorter periods and we found no evidence that weanling diet quality impacts breastfeeding duration. As predicted, women who had more help with infants breastfed for shorter periods, and later\u2010born infants breastfed longer than earlier\u2010born ones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results regarding allomaternal care suggest that help reduces mothers' lactation demands. The energy saved may be redirected to increasing fecundity or investment in other children. The birth order result suggests that children born to mothers nearing reproductive senescence receive higher levels of investment, which likely impacts children's fitness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T11:33:28Z","timestamp":1478172808000},"page":"616-626","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Energy\u2010related influences on variation in breastfeeding duration among indigenous Maya women from Guatemala"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"162","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9687-6896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luseadra J.","family":"McKerracher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Evolutionary Studies Program Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6"},{"name":"Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6"},{"name":"Centre for Biocultural History Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Collard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Evolutionary Studies Program Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6"},{"name":"Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6"},{"name":"Department of Archaeology University of Aberdeen Aberdeen AB24 3FX United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Altman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana Institute for Public Health and Department of Anthropology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 2S2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo A.","family":"Nepomnaschy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Evolutionary Studies Program Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60103-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008003005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2008.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3069631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2014.923938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.1360010604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0303-6979.2002.00177.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","article-title":"Lessons from the life history of natural fertility societies on child growth and maturation","volume":"142","author":"Gawlik A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Swiss Medical Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02395.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011003247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330980302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"Ecology of weaning among nomadic Turkana pastoralists of Kenya: Maternal thinking, maternal behaviour, and maternal adaptive strategies","volume":"68","author":"Gray S. 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