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Given environmental and genetic differences, growth may vary in these populations. Thus, there is a need to assess whether international standards are appropriate for all populations, and to produce population specific references if growth differs. Here we present and assess growth references for the Tsimane, an indigenous population of Bolivian forager\u2010horticulturalists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Mixed cross\u2010sectional\/longitudinal anthropometrics (9,614 individuals; 30,118 observations; ages 0\u201329 years) were used to generate centile curves and Lambda\u2010Mu\u2010Sigma (LMS) tables for height\u2010for\u2010age, weight\u2010for\u2010age, body mass index (BMI)\u2010for\u2010age, and weight\u2010for\u2010height (WFH) using Generalized Additive Models for Location Shape and Scale (GAMLSS<\/jats:italic>). Velocity curves were generated using SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR<\/jats:italic>). Tsimane \u22645 years were compared to World Health Organization (WHO) standards while those >5 years were compared to WHO school age references. All ages were compared to published references for Shuar forager\u2010horticulturalists of the Ecuadorian Amazon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Tsimane growth differs from WHO values in height and weight, but is similar for BMI and WFH. Tsimane growth is characterized by slow height velocity in childhood and early adolescent peak height velocity at 11.3 and 13.2 years for girls and boys. Tsimane growth patterns are similar to Shuar, suggesting shared features of growth among indigenous South Americans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>International references for BMI\u2010for\u2010age and WFH are likely appropriate for Tsimane, but differences in height\u2010for\u2010age and weight\u2010for\u2010age suggest Tsimane specific references may be useful for these measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T10:05:06Z","timestamp":1478513106000},"page":"441-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Growth references for Tsimane forager\u2010horticulturalists of the Bolivian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"162","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron D.","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of California 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