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The issue of the Black Death's potential sex selectivity is less clear. Bioarchaeological research hypothesizes that sex\u2010selection in mortality was possible during the initial Black Death outbreak, and we present evidence from historical sources to test this notion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether the Black Death and recurring plagues in the period 1349\u20131450 had a sex\u2010selective mortality effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a newly compiled database of mortality information taken from mortmain records in Hainaut, Belgium, in the period 1349\u20131450, which not only is an important new source of information on medieval mortality, but also allows for sex\u2010disaggregation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We find that the Black Death period of 1349\u201351, as well as recurring plagues in the 100 years up to 1450, often had a sex\u2010selective effect\u2014killing more women than in \u201cnon\u2010plague years.\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although much research tends to suggest that men are more susceptible to a variety of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites, we cannot assume that the same direction of sex\u2010selection in mortality applied to diseases in the distant past such as Second Pandemic plagues. While the exact reasons for the sex\u2010selective effect of late\u2010medieval plague are unclear in the absence of further data, we suggest that simple inequities between the sexes in exposure to the disease may not have been a key driver.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]],"date-time":"2017-06-15T11:25:56Z","timestamp":1497525956000},"page":"246-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The sex\u2010selective impact of the Black Death and recurring plagues in the Southern Netherlands, 1349\u20131450"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8355-4153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Room 1.70, Doelensteeg 16, Leiden University, Institute for History Leiden 2311VL Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris","family":"Roosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wittevrouwen 7bis, Utrecht University, Research Institute for History and Art History Utrecht 3512CS Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Bubonic plague in early modern Russia: Public health and urban disaster","author":"Alexander J.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ereh\/het013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022050717000092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1017\/9781846158025.004","volume-title":"Fourteenth\u2010century England","author":"Arthur P.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1605.091280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jbr.2014.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"The Black Death, 1346\u201353: A complete history","author":"Benedictow O.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9788376560472"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Singlewomen in the European past, 1250\u20131800","author":"Bennett J.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Les hommes et la peste en France et dans les pays m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens","author":"Biraben J.\u2010N.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3406\/rbph.1980.3301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Algemene geschiedenis der Netherlanden","author":"Blockmans W.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Recherches sur la population rurale de l'Artois et du boulonnais pendant la p\u00e9riode bourguignonne (1384\u20131477)","author":"Bocquet A.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10549"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Une justice au f\u00e9minin: Femmes victimes et coupables dans les Pays\u2010Bas bourguignons au XVe si\u00e8cle","volume":"35","author":"Bourguignon M.\u2010A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Histoire, Femmes Et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"The plague reconsidered: A new look at its origins and effects in 16th and 17th century England","author":"Bradley L.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"Duizend jaar weer, wind en water in de Lage Landen, 1300\u20131450","author":"Buisman J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis723"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(89)90246-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-11-1049-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Plague and the poor in renaissance florence","author":"Carmichael A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300072124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.PoH-0015-2015","article-title":"Demographic patterns distinctive of epidemic cemeteries in archaeological samples","volume":"4","author":"Castex D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","volume-title":"Interdisciplinary public health reasoning and epidemic modelling: the case of the black death","author":"Christakos G.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Plague pneumonia disease caused by Yersinia pestis","volume":"12","author":"Cleri D. 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