{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:43:36Z","timestamp":1790675016840,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper addresses the prevalence and pattern of physical violence in the prehispanic society of Gran Canaria and discusses its link with the social structure and insular context in which that people lived.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>347 prehispanic crania from Guayadeque Ravine (575\u20131415 AD) have been examined in order to determine the frequency, types, location, and timing of trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Craniofacial injuries are present in 27.4% of the crania examined. Only 2% display perimortem trauma. Most of the injuries (84.3%) correspond to depressed blunt force trauma, with an ellipsoidal or circular shape. Most of these are in the anterior aspect of the cranium. Males are significantly more affected than females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aboriginal population of Gran Canaria show a high frequency of traumatic injuries to the skull compared to other archaeological groups. Their frequent location in the anterior aspect suggests regular face\u2010to\u2010face confrontations. However, the lethal injuries typically occurring in large\u2010scale combat are scarce. Practices such as ritualized combat, mentioned in ethnohistorical sources, would help to channel and mitigate inter\u2010group conflict. The predominance of depressed blunt force trauma is in accordance with the weapons used by those populations: hand\u2010thrown stones, clubs and sticks. The higher frequency in males indicates that they took part in direct violence more than females did. The hierarchical organization of their society may have led to frequent situations of conflict. The insular nature of a territory barely 1,500\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in size was a determining factor in competition for access to food resources, especially at times of climate crises or population growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T11:01:53Z","timestamp":1515063713000},"page":"70-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<scp>V<\/scp>iolence in paradise: <scp>C<\/scp>ranial trauma in the prehispanic population of <scp>G<\/scp>ran <scp>C<\/scp>anaria (<scp>C<\/scp>anary <scp>I<\/scp>slands)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2709-5180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Delgado\u2010Darias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"El Museo Canario Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Alberto\u2010Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tarha Research Group University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35003 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Velasco\u2010V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Historical Sciences Department University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35003 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Historia de la conquista de las siete islas de canaria","author":"Abreu Galindo J.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"History of human life span and mortality","author":"Acs\u00e1di G.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1212(199911\/12)9:6<417::AID-OA509>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2010.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Cr\u00f3nicas, historias, relaciones y otros relatos: Las fuentes narrativas del proceso de interacci\u00f3n cultural entre abor\u00edgenes canarios y europeos (siglos XIV a XVII)","author":"Baucells Mesa S.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Aculturaci\u00f3n y etnicidad. 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