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We use quantitative criteria to characterize the depth of LEH defects and \u201cnormal\u201d perikymata in great apes. We test the hypothesis that mountain gorillas have shallow defects compared to other taxa, which may have led to their underestimation in previous studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous attempts to characterize LEH morphology quantitatively have been limited in sample size and scope. We generated digital elevation models using optical profilometry (Sensofar PLu Neox) and extracted 2D coordinates using ImageJ to quantify depths in canines from three great ape genera (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200975 perikymata; 255 defects).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All defect depths fall outside the distribution of perikymata depths. Mountain gorilla defects are significantly shallower than those of other great ape taxa examined, including western lowland gorillas. Females have significantly deeper defects than males in all taxa. The deepest defect belongs to a wild\u2010captured zoo gorilla. Virunga mountain gorilla specimens collected by Dian Fossey exhibit deeper defects than those collected recently.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Shallow defect morphology in mountain gorillas may have led to an underestimation of LEH prevalence in past studies. Defect depth is used as a proxy for insult severity, but depth might be influenced by inter\u2010 and intra\u2010specific variation in enamel growth. Future studies should test whether severe insults are associated with deeper defects, as might be the case with Haloko, a wild\u2010captured gorilla. Ongoing histologic studies incorporating associated behavioral records will test possible factors that underlie differences in defect morphology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T18:13:41Z","timestamp":1519409621000},"page":"337-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Quantifying linear enamel hypoplasia in Virunga Mountain gorillas and other great apes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1533-4313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"McGrath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology The George Washington University Washington DC 20052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sireen","family":"El\u2010Zaatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen 72070 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Guatelli\u2010Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology The George Washington University Washington DC 20052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald J.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology The George Washington University Washington DC 20052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara S.","family":"Stoinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International Atlanta Georgia 30315"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Cranfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project University of California at Davis  California 95616"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Mudakikwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tourism and Conservation Rwanda Development Board Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon C.","family":"McFarlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology The George Washington University Washington DC 20052"},{"name":"Division of Mammals National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington DC 20560"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199601)99:1<119::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00057-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"425","article-title":"Hypoplasie des Schmelzes (Congenitale Schmelzdefecte; Erosionen)","volume":"13","author":"Berten J.","year":"1895","journal-title":"Deutsche Monatsschrift Fur Zahnheilkunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21233"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Modern methods of data analysis","author":"Bollen K. 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