{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T04:04:24Z","timestamp":1782360264908,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aye\u2010aye (<jats:italic>Daubentonia madagascariensis<\/jats:italic>) is famous for its feeding strategies that target structurally defended, but high\u2010quality resources. Nonetheless, the influence of this digestible diet on gut microbial contributions to aye\u2010aye metabolism and nutrition remains unexplored. When four captive aye\u2010ayes were unexpectedly lost to persin toxicity, we opportunistically collected samples along the animals' gastrointestinal tracts. Here we describe the diversity and composition of appendicular, cecal, and colonic consortia relative to the aye\u2010aye's unusual feeding ecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>During necropsies, we collected digestive content from the appendix, cecum, and distal colon. We determined microbiome structure at these sites via amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and an established bioinformatics pipeline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aye\u2010ayes' microbiomes exhibited low richness and diversity compared to the consortia of other lemurs housed at the same facility, and were dominated by a single genus, <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>. Appendicular microbiomes were differentiated from more homogenized cecal and colonic consortia by lower richness and diversity, greater evenness, and a distinct taxonomic composition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The simplicity of the aye\u2010aye's gut microbiome could be attributed to captivity\u2010induced dysbiosis, or it may reflect this species' extreme foraging investment in a digestible diet that requires little microbial metabolism. Site\u2010specific appendicular consortia, but more similar cecal and colonic consortia, support the theory that the appendix functions as a safe\u2010house for beneficial bacteria, and confirm fecal communities as fairly reliable proxies for consortia along the lower gut. We encourage others to make similar use of natural or accidental losses for probing the primate gut microbiome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T17:12:37Z","timestamp":1523985157000},"page":"960-967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The inside tract: The appendicular, cecal, and colonic microbiome of captive aye\u2010ayes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7693-8826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia K.","family":"Greene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Program in Ecology, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708"},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin A.","family":"McKenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Ecology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00559-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22621"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-014-0554-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-015-3507-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Campbell J.(2004). Malagasy primates: Nutrition and gastrointestinal physiology with an emphasis on fiber utilization. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). 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R. Greene L. K. &Drea C. M.(2017 April). Environmental factors not phylogeny drive the gut microbiome across seven captiveEulemurspecies. Visibile Thinking Symposium Duke University Durham NC."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074957"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-017-1041-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"Krakauer E. B.(2005). Development of aye\u2010aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) foraging skills: Independent exploration and social learning. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Duke University Durham NC."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuczynksi J. Stombaugh J. Walters W. A. Gonz\u00e1lez A. Caporaso J. G. &Knight R.(2012). 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