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We used osteometric tools and measurements to generate quantitative descriptions, which were added to qualitative descriptions of the fossils. These observations were then interpreted using published data on the same skeletal elements from extant and extinct hominoid taxa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six of the fossils carry carnivore tooth marks. Two vertebrae show morphologies that are consistent with fully developed lordosis of the lumbar spine, but which are not completely consistent with bipedal loading of the same intensity and\/or frequency as reflected in the lumbars of modern humans. A clavicle shows a combination of humanlike and apelike features, the latter of which would have endowed its hominin with good climbing abilities. When combined, analyses of fragmentary radius and ulna fossils yield more ambiguous results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The new fossil collection presents a mix of bipedal and climbing features. It is unclear whether this mix indicates that all Sterkfontein hominins of &gt;2.0 Ma were terrestrial bipeds who retained adaptations for climbing or whether the collection samples two differently adapted, coeval hominins, <jats:italic>Australopithecus africanus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Australopithecus prometheus<\/jats:italic>, both of which are represented at Sterkfontein by skull remains. Regardless, the significant frequency of tooth\u2010marked fossils in the sample might indicate that predation was a selection pressure that maintained climbing adaptations in at least some Sterkfontein hominins of this period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]],"date-time":"2018-12-24T06:08:58Z","timestamp":1545631738000},"page":"459-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Hominin vertebrae and upper limb bone fossils from Sterkfontein Caves, South Africa (1998\u20132003 excavations)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"168","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5369-7807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Travis Rayne","family":"Pickering","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Evolutionary Studies Institute University of the Witwatersand  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Plio\u2010Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Department of Vertebrates Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (Transvaal Museum)  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8039-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason L.","family":"Heaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Studies Institute University of the Witwatersand  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Plio\u2010Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Department of Vertebrates Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (Transvaal Museum)  Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Biology Birmingham\u2010Southern College  Birmingham Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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