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However, bioarchaeologists have not fully investigated the mortality risks associated with plaque (or its mineralized form, calculus) in the past. This study examines the relationship between survivorship and calculus in a medieval skeletal sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091,098) from four medieval London cemeteries, <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>. 1000\u20131540 CE, includes people who died under attritional (normal) and catastrophic (famine and plague) conditions. The associations between age and the presence of dental calculus on the permanent left first mandibular molar are assessed using binary logistic regression and Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The regression results indicate a significant negative relationship between age and calculus presence for individuals of all ages who died under normal mortality conditions and for adults who died under both normal and catastrophic conditions. Survival analysis reveals decreased survivorship for people of all ages with calculus under normal mortality conditions. Similarly, during conditions of catastrophic mortality, adult males with calculus suffered reduced survivorship compared to males without it, though there was no difference in survivorship between adult females with and without calculus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that, as in modern populations, calculus accumulation in the inhabitants of medieval London reflects a greater risk of premature death. The evaluation of calculus, a potential measure of underlying frailty, in the context of a demographic measure of general health suggests that it might provide insights into health in past populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T02:59:08Z","timestamp":1546829948000},"page":"552-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Calculus and survivorship in medieval London: The association between dental disease and a demographic measure of general health"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"168","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7069-2637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Yaussy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0754-8485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon N.","family":"DeWitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4811723"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700418"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1966.37.2.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of dental calculus in adults","volume":"1","author":"Beiswanger B. 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