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Analyses were performed on two cranial modules: the face and the cranial vault, across three major diachronic groups representing the late Neolithic (LNA), the Bronze Age (BA), and the Han\u2010Jin dynasty (HD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Average regional F<jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub> for both cranial modules was low, indicating relatively greater variation within diachronic groups than among them. While the LNA and BA groups did not show any significant differences in facial and vault shape, significant craniofacial shape changes were detected between the BA and HD groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The consistent craniofacial morphology during the LNA and the BA, and the shift in morphology between the BA and the HD indicates that cultural discontinuity does not always coincide with biological discontinuity. The Hehuang population evolved in situ with few changes, despite cultural and dietary changes, until the HD when migrations from the Central Plains are associated with extra\u2010local gene flow to the area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,9]],"date-time":"2019-03-09T12:48:26Z","timestamp":1552135706000},"page":"55-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diachronic changes in craniofacial morphology among the middle\u2013late Holocene populations from Hehuang region, Northwest China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"169","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7603-5291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Letian","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing, 100044 China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing, 100044 China"},{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing, 100049 China"},{"name":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology George Mason University  Virginia, 22030\u20104444"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8444-368X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing, 100044 China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing, 100044 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Temple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology George Mason University  Virginia, 22030\u20104444"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences  Beijing, 100710 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quanchao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Archaeology, Jilin University  Changchun, 130012 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5263-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noreen","family":"von Cramon\u2010Taubadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology University at Buffalo  Buffalo, 14261 New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(97)85012-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330460316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20424"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.116.193185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"Cui Y.(2014).A three\u2010dimensional surface semi\u2010landmark based geometric morphometric study of fossil human cranium from Liujiang China(Doctoral dissertation). 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