{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T01:20:22Z","timestamp":1783473622907,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article summarized errors obtained by diverse techniques used for the derivation of cross\u2010sectional contours in nonadult humeri and tibiae.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed cross\u2010sectional contours in a total sample of 62 humeral and 75 tibial diaphyses in the age between birth and 12\u2009years divided into three age groups. Long bone 35% (humeri) and midshaft (tibiae) cross\u2010sections were taken on micro\u2010CT images and analyzed by EPJMacro in FIJI. Properties were extracted from contours derived by manual, automatic, spline, and ellipse techniques. Agreement between techniques was assessed using manually extracted properties such as the true value using percent prediction error (%PE), reduced major axis regression, and \u00b195% limits of agreement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lowest measurement errors were obtained for total areas, moderate errors for cortical areas and section moduli, and the highest errors for medullary areas for both bones. Derivation of humeral nonadult cross\u2010sectional properties is less sensitive to the technique used for derivation of periosteal and endosteal contours, reaching mean %PEs below 5%. In contrast, tibial nonadult cross\u2010sectional properties are more sensitive to the technique used and exceed 5% for some combinations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Automatic techniques provide reasonably high agreement with manually extracted contours for nonadult humeri but low agreement for tibiae. Semiautomatic approaches\u2014spline and ellipse techniques\u2014may reduce the error for all studied properties in tibiae, especially when combined with manually traced periosteal contours. The positive effect of the semiautomatic technique on measurement error is low for humeri.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T14:44:06Z","timestamp":1563547446000},"page":"275-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Error in the estimation of periosteal and endosteal contours from micro\u2010CT scans for nonadult tibiae and humeri"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5537-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"Sl\u00e1dek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague 2 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"\u010cerevkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague 2 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Zikmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozef","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.12.2274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199632688.001.0001","volume-title":"Biomechanics\u2010structures and systems: A practical approach","author":"Biewener A. 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