{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T22:55:08Z","timestamp":1778108108813,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG INST 37\/706\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG INST 37\/706\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004117","name":"A.G. Leventis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004117","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to virtually reconstruct the deformed face (XIR\u20101) and maxilla (RPl\u2010128) of the Late Miocene hominoid <jats:italic>Ouranopithecus macedoniensis<\/jats:italic> from Greece, through the application of mirror\u2010imaging and segmentation. Additionally, analysis was conducted through 3D geometric morphometrics, utilizing a comparative sample of fossil hominoids, extant great apes (<jats:italic>Gorilla<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pan<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic>) and humans, so as to explore shape variation and phenetic similarities between them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010resolution computed tomography was used to create digital representations of the XIR\u20101 and RPl\u2010128 specimens. The virtual reconstruction of the XIR\u20101 cranium was achieved by mirror\u2010imaging, while the RPl\u2010128 maxilla was virtually segmented and reattached in a correct anatomical position. Anatomical landmarks were registered in three dimensions on a comparative sample of adult crania of extant great apes, humans and fossil hominoids. The data were processed with Procrustes superimposition and analyzed using multivariate statistics methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results show that <jats:italic>Ouranopithecus macedoniensis<\/jats:italic> falls within or close to the <jats:italic>Gorilla<\/jats:italic> convex hull in the principal component analyses, and it is closer to the mean Procrustes shape distance of primarily <jats:italic>Gorilla<\/jats:italic>. Both specimens, XIR\u20101 and RPl\u2010128, are classified as <jats:italic>Gorilla<\/jats:italic> based on discriminant function analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of our geometric morphometrics analyses indicate that <jats:italic>Ouranopithecus macedoniensis<\/jats:italic> is morphologically more similar to <jats:italic>Gorilla<\/jats:italic> than to <jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pan<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic>, results that can contribute to the evaluation of existing hypotheses about its phylogenetic position.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T15:22:39Z","timestamp":1563981759000},"page":"295-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A new three\u2010dimensional geometric morphometrics analysis of the <i>Ouranopithecus macedoniensis<\/i> cranium (Late Miocene, Central Macedonia, Greece)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8199-7126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melania","family":"Ioannidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment Eberhard Karls University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George D.","family":"Koufos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geology, Laboratory of Geology &amp; Paleontology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"de Bonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Evolution, Pal\u00e9o\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, Pal\u00e9oprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM) \u2010 UMR CNRS 7262, Universit\u00e9 des Poitiers  Poitiers France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Harvati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment Eberhard Karls University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.21312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2013.43.2.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1411507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330370604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"339","volume-title":"The primate fossil record","author":"Begun D. 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