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Previous research using conventional methods of age estimation revealed that adult males experienced lower risks of mortality under \u201cnormal\u201d (attritional) but not famine mortality conditions following the Black Death. However, given the biases inherent in conventional age estimation methods, this study reassesses sex differences in risks of medieval adult famine mortality using ages estimated via transition analysis, which avoids some of the limitations of conventional age estimation methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We apply hazards analysis (the Gompertz model of adult mortality) to ages estimated for human skeletal remains (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 1245) from London cemeteries dated to the pre\u2010Black Death (<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>. 1000\u20131250\u2009CE) and post\u2010Black Death (<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>. 1350\u20131540\u2009CE) periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results reveal no sex differences in risks of mortality before the Black Death but indicate that adult males faced lower risks of mortality after the Black Death during conditions of normal and famine mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings largely support those of our previous research, which suggested that selective mortality during the Black Death or sex\u2010biased improvements in standard of living following the epidemic reduced risk of mortality for adult males in the post\u2010Black Death period under normal mortality conditions. However, the use of transition analysis age estimates also revealed a reduced risk of mortality for post\u2010Black Death adult males under famine conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]],"date-time":"2019-10-06T09:17:23Z","timestamp":1570353443000},"page":"164-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Sex differences in adult famine mortality in medieval London"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0754-8485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon N.","family":"DeWitte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7069-2637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Yaussy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Nevada Reno Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-018-0078-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1973284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(82)80023-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511542428.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"The London guildhall: An archaeological history of a neighbourhood from early medieval to modern times","author":"Bowsher D.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02437238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Digging up bones: The excavation, treatment, and study of human skeletal remains","author":"Brothwell D. 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