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Then, we studied patterns and magnitudes of integration at regional, vertebral, and intra\u2010vertebral levels. Additionally, we calculated the ability of vertebrae to respond to selection by quantifying differences in evolvability, flexibility, and constraint throughout the spine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that caudal vertebrae are more evolvable than those located more cranially in the presacral vertebral column, following an increasing pattern of evolvability from the cervical to the lumbar region. Additionally, the atlas and fifth lumbar vertebra show the lowest values of integration, while central thoracic vertebrae display the highest magnitudes of integration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results could be related to three main factors: body plan organization expressed by the\n                      <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes, the strong developmental constraints that determine the number of mammalian vertebrae, and, finally, the functional requirements of an adaptation to bipedal locomotion in the human lineage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T09:38:04Z","timestamp":1572601084000},"page":"17-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Evolutionary selection and morphological integration in the vertebral column of modern humans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5665-9275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikel","family":"Arlegi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estratigraf\u00eda y Paleontolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\u2010Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV\/EHU)  Leioa Spain"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, PACEA UMR 5199  Pessac France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Veschambre\u2010Couture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, PACEA UMR 5199  Pessac France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7831-3902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asier","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Olivencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estratigraf\u00eda y Paleontolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\u2010Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV\/EHU)  Leioa Spain"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE. 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