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A differential diagnosis of the wear and assessment of the biological affinity of OH1 is presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macroscopic and microscopic observations of all labial and buccal tooth surfaces were undertaken to assess wear patterns. A multivariate analysis of mandibular morphology of OH1 compared to other Late Pleistocene, Holocene, and recent modern humans was used to ascertain biological affinity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The morphological variation of the OH1 mandible is closely aligned with variation in penecontemporaneous fossils from Africa and outside that of recent humans. The concave wear facets exposing dentin on the labial surfaces of all three preserved mandibular incisors is confirmed. Substantial loss of labial\/buccal surfaces was documented on the surfaces of all in situ maxillary and mandibular canines, premolars, and molars ranging from distinct facets with well\u2010defined edges, to blunting or \u201cpolishing\u201d around areas of maximum buccal curvature. The wear on both the anterior and postcanine teeth closely resemble that caused by adornments (\u201clabrets\u201d) worn in lower\u2010lip and buccal facial piercings known from bioarchaeological and ethnographic contexts. The wear pattern suggests that the OH1 wore three facial piercings\u2014two buccal\/lateral and a medial one in the lower lip.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that the expression of social identities through intentional body modification is more diverse than previously documented elsewhere in Africa during the Late Pleistocene (i.e., ablation) and Early Holocene (i.e., ablation, chipping, and filing).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T11:12:52Z","timestamp":1579173172000},"page":"664-681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Biocultural diversity in Late Pleistocene\/Early Holocene Africa: Olduvai Hominid 1 (Tanzania) biological affinity and intentional body modification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7143-4533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John C.","family":"Willman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Prehistory, CIAS \u2013 Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra, 3000\u2010456 Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"IPHES, Institut Catal\u00e0 de Paleoecologia Humana i Evoluci\u00f3 Social 43007 Tarragona Spain"},{"name":"\u00c0rea de Prehist\u00f2ria Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) 43002 Tarragona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4873-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Hernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPHES, Institut Catal\u00e0 de Paleoecologia Humana i Evoluci\u00f3 Social 43007 Tarragona Spain"},{"name":"\u00c0rea de Prehist\u00f2ria Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) 43002 Tarragona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Matu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5199, PACEA, De la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement, et Anthropologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Crevecoeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5199, PACEA, De la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement, et Anthropologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359609003552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"The Wellcome excavations in The Sudan: Jebel Moya, volume 1: Jebel Moya, 1910\u20131914","author":"Addison F.","year":"1949"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"The distribution and pattern of Umqan burial on southwest Umnak Island","volume":"13","author":"Aigner J. 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