{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T15:20:17Z","timestamp":1785597617915,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000888","name":"W. M. Keck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Described as an indiscriminate killer by many chroniclers, the Black Death descended on London during the 14th century. To best understand the pattern of transmission among demographic groups, models should include multiple demographic and health covariates concurrently, something rarely done when examining Black Death, but implemented in this study to identify which demographic groups had a higher susceptibility. Female predisposition to the Black Death was also explored, focusing on whether social inequality added to vulnerability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three attritional cemeteries from the Wellcome Osteological Research Database were compared with the Black Death cemetery, East Smithfield. A Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazards ratios of dying of the Black Death, using transition analysis ages\u2010at\u2010death as the time variable, and sex and frailty as covariates. Additionally, a binomial logistic regression generated odds ratios for age\u2010at\u2010death, sex, and frailty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Cox model produced a significant hazards ratio for individuals deemed frail. Similarly, the logit model calculated significantly increased odds ratios for frail individuals, and decreased odds for individuals aged 65+.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The older individuals were not undergoing growth during times of great stress in London pre\u2010dating the Black Death epidemic, which may explain the decreased odds of contracting the Black Death. Further, although women dealt with social inequality, which partially led to the demographic puzzle of the Medieval \u201cmissing\u201d women, women's susceptibility to infection by the Black Death was not increased. The phenomenon of the missing women may be due to a combination of factors, including infant and child mortality and preservation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]],"date-time":"2020-05-30T02:33:44Z","timestamp":1590806024000},"page":"168-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Survival analysis of the <scp>Black Death<\/scp>: Social inequality of women and the perils of life and death in <scp>Medieval London<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7888-2945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanya","family":"Godde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthropology Program University of La Verne  La Verne California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Pasillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthropology Program University of La Verne  La Verne California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"America","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthropology Program University of La Verne  La Verne California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jbr.2014.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Health disparities in the United States","author":"Barr D. 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